Chap. 10 Special Sense System Word Parts + Anatomy Flashcards by Macie McAninch

conjunctiva

thin, clear, colorless, mucous membrane that covers the entire eye for protection

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sclera

white part of eye that maintains eye shape and protects eye

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cornea

clear, anterior portion of sclera, protects iris and pupil and provides most of the optical power of the eye

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choroid

blood rich coating of the eyeball; provides nourishment

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pupil

controls light entering inside the eye

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iris

muscular layer that surrounds the pupil to constrict or dilate pupil

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lens

clear, curved, flexible structure that focuses images on the retina

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ciliary body

the ciliary muscle and suspensory ligaments; adjusts shape of lens to help focus on objects

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aqueous humor

cleanses the eye and provides nutrients to cornea and lens; holds shape of anterior eye

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vitreous humor

gel like fluid that holds retina in place

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retina

contains photoreceptors that receive images from the environment and converts them to nerve impulses

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what are the 2 types of photoreceptors

rods and cones

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rods

responsible for black and white (allows us to see in dim light and provides our peripheral vision)

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cones

responsible for color and the different hues

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macula

contains specialized cones in high density to help with high acuity (fovea centralis)

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optic nerve

2nd cranial nerve for processing visual images

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what is another name for the fovea centralis

fovea macula

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acous/o

hearing; sound

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acoust/o

hearing; sound

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ambly/o

dull; dim

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aque/o

water

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audi/o

hearing

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audit/o

hearing

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blephar/o

eyelid

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cerumin/o

cerumen

cochle/o

cochlea

what are the three types of areas of the ear?

outer, middle, inner

auricle

aka pinna, directs sound into auditory canal (funnel)

auditory canal

aka external acoustic meatus; short, narrow chamber that leads to ear drum

ceruminous glands

produce wax

cerumen

wax; protects middle ear by trapping debris from environment

tympanic membrane

aka ear drum, separates outer ear from middle ear; transmits sound waves through vibrations to ossicles

auditory ossicles

middle ear bones; where loss of hearing mostly occurs due to degeneration of the bone due to loud music

malleus

hammer shaped; outer most middle ear bone

incus

anvil shaped; middle bone

stapes

stirrup shaped; innermost middle ear bone

eustachian tubes

aka auditory tube; helps equalize pressure within the ear by draining fluids from middle ear to pharynx

labyrinth

controls balance and equilibrium

cochlea

snail like structure of the inner ear; contains fluid that sound vibrations travel in and is converted to electrical impulses

organ of corti

structure within cochlea that converts sound waves

vestibule

connects cochlea to semi circular canals

semicircular canals

tells your brain where your head is in space

oval window

connects middle ear to inner ear

round window

connects middle ear to cochlea; allows for displacement of fluid in cochlea

vestibulocochlear nerve

aka auditory nerve; 2 nerves in 1

acous/o or acoust/o

hearing; sound

ambly/o

dull; dim

aque/o

water

audi/o or audit/o

hearing

blephar/o

eyelid

cerumin/o

cerumen

cochle/o

cochlea

conjunctiv/o

conjunctiva

cor/o or core/o

pupil

corne/o

cornea

cyst/o

cyst; fluid sac; bladder

dacry/o

tear

dipl/o

double

glauc/o

gray

graph/o

writing

gustat/o

taste

ir/o or irid/o

iris

kerat/o

cornea

lacrim/o

tears

mi/o

smaller; less

mydr/o

widened; enlarged

myring/o

tympanic membrane; eardrum

nyct/o

night

ocul/o

eye

olfact/o

smell

ophthalm/o

eye

opt/o or optic/o

eye; vision

ossic/o

ossicle (small bone)

ot/o

ear

papill/o

optic disc; nipple like

phac/o or phak/o

lens of the eye

presby/o

old age

retin/o

retina

salping/o

eustachian (auditory) tube; fallopian tube

scot/o

darkness

staped/o

stapes (middle ear bone)

steat/o

sebrum; fat

stigmat/o

point

vestibul/o

vestibule

vitr/o

vitreous body

vitre/o

glassy

a- or an-

not; without

ec-

out; outside

en-

in; within

eso-

inward

exo-

outward

hyper-

above; above normal; excessive

hypo-

below; below normal; deficient

intra-

within; into

-cusis

hearing

-ectomy

surgical removal; excision

-esthesia

feeling; sensation

-ia

condition

-ion

process; condition; state

-ism

process; condition

-itis

inflammation

-metry

process of measuring

-oma

tumor; mass

-opia

vision condition

-osmia

smell condition

-otia

ear condition

-pathy

disease

-plasty

surgical repair

-ptosis

droop; sag; prolapse; protrude

-sclerosis

hardening; thickening

-scope

instrument used to view

-scopy

visual examination using a scope

-tomy

process of cutting; incision

-tropia

to turn

what is an optamologist

has an MD, can prescribe medicine, can do surgery and about anything; where you find out what's wrong with your eyes and gives a diagnosis

what is an optometrist

goes to an optometry school, has an OD but not an MD so they are limited to prescribe medicine and cannot do surgeries; this is where you get your glasses

what does the mucus membrane do in the conjunctiva?

produces mucus for protection