Chap. 4 Integument Pathology Flashcards
injuries to skin caused by excessive heat
burns
what kills people in burn injuries?
the escaping of fluid not the burn
how are burns categorized and what does it depend on?
depends on how long, exposure, how far or close the heat was; burns are categorized from 1st to 3rd degree, 1st being the least, 3rd being the most
1st degree burn
burn that just affects the epidermis; symptoms include: hyperesthesia (heightened sensitivity); erythema; no blisters; ex: steam burn or oven burn
2nd degree burn
affects epidermis and dermis; symptoms include: hyperesthesia (heightened sensitivity); erythema; blisters; ex: sunburns
3rd degree burn
affects all layers of skin; epidermis, dermis and hypodermis; symptoms include: anesthesia (without sensation) and/or hyperesthesia (heightened sensitivity); ex: black charred tissue (dead)
acne
inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands that produces bumps; as the glands produce more oil and you don’t wash your face the pores get clogged and then infected
albinism
an inherited condition where here is no melanin production in skin
alopecia
hair loss due to ageing, illness, or iatrogenic
cicatrix
scar; no way to predict what they look like
cyanosis
the appearance of blue skin due to lack of circulation (oxygen) or vasoconstriction; pink to white to blue to black
eczema
(dermatitis) autoimmune, acute, or chronic skin lesions characterized by erythema, itchiness, and edema (swelling)
gangrene
necrotic tissue
keloid
cicatrix gone wild/wrong
impetigo
bacterial infection; highly contagious; usually in children; usually on the face
ecchymosis
bruise caused by ruptured capillaries beneath the skin
capillaries
tiny blood vessels
Debridement
removal of damaged tissues and foreign debris to promote healing
skin graft
transplantation of skin from one person to another
autograft
same person is the donor and recipient of skin graft
dermaton
knife used in skin graft
basal cell carcinoma
nice cancer; slow growing; seldom (means rarely); metastasizes (cancer travels to make new tumors)
kaposi’s sarcoma
cancer that looks purplish patches (erythematous) in the lining of the nose, mouth, throat, and other organs; usually in AID’s patients; weakens the immune system
malignant melanoma
mean cancer; aggressive spreading cancer of melanocytes
ABCDE Rule
Asymmetry (can you split it evenly in half?)
Border (is it smooth?)
Color (does it have multiple colors? is it very dark?)
Diameter (is it bigger/smaller than 1/4 inches?)
Evolution (is it changing over time?)
done during your yearly skin check; doctor takes photos every year and documents them
squamous cell carcinoma
middle of the road cancer of squamous cells in skin
something weird on the skin
Noncancerous lesions
cyst
a thick walled pouch or sac containing fluid and pus down deep
macule
freckle
nevus
mole
nodule
a red solid skin elevation with a diameter > than 1cm (2nd)
papule
a red solid skin elevation with a diameter < 1 cm (1st)
polyp
skin tag; more common in elderly people
pustule
a small infected skin elevation that contains pus (abscess) (3rd)
ulcer
an open sore or erosion of the skin (decubitus ulcer or bed sore or pressure sore); from staying in the same position; (nursing home)- can be sued; no treatment; must heal by themselves; risks are pain and infection
vesicle
blister
wheal
hives; slightly swollen area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin; autoimmune conditions
psoriasis
eczema on steroids; autoimmune; dry, scally, red; attacks joints as well; itchy patches on skin with silvery hard covering
what happens to old cells?
as the cells of the epidermis get “older” they slip off and new cells are generated
tinea
anywhere but foot: ringworm
in foot: athletes foot
it’s a fungal infection
MUST COME IN CONTACT WITH INFECTION; moist environments; person to person
scabies
bed bugs/parasitic infection of the skin; causes redness and inflammation; hard to treat because it’s buried beneath the skin; you have to burn everything (like the bed sheets and mattress)
vililigo
complete loss of pigment in one or more areas of the skin; idiopathic; skin cancer is a concern
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or (Butterfly rash)
an autoimmune condition of collagen in the skin, joints, and internal organs; inflammation; pain; destruction; red rash is common
autoimmune conditions
redder or paler than surrounding skin
wart
viral infection of the skin (papilloma virus)
allergens are placed/scratched on skin to see if you are allergic (on back or arm)
Scratch Test
allergies are injected into skin
Intradermal Skin Test
how to indicate a positive Allergy Skin Test
red or itchy
Excisional biopsy
surgical removal of the entire lesion
Incisional biopsy
cut into the tissue for removal of a small piece
Exfoliative cytology
tissue is scraped to look at; specifically for bacteria or grow in a medium to look for fungus; ringworm and impetigo
what’s a medium?
agar plate; used to grow bacteria so once it’s big enough it can be viewed
needle biopsy
a hollow needle is placed inside the lesion to remove a cor sample used to look for cancerous cells (core layer/ one layer); often used in neck for thyroid or in breast for breast cancer or to extract bone marrow
punch biopsy
small circular blade that rotates down through the epidermis and dermis into the subcutaneous layer producing a cylindrical core of tissue (you get all the layers)
blepharopasty
eyelid lift
cauterization
using heat or electricity or chemicals to cut tissue; used for minimal bleeding
cryosugery
freezing tissue like a wart (liquid nitrogen)
dermabrasion
cosmetic procedure using abrasive materials to remove layer of epidermis; elective surgery
lipectomy
surgical removal of fat; elective surgery
liposuction
cosmetic procedure used to suck fat out of the body; elective surgery
elective surgery
a surgery that is out of pocket, insurance does not pay for it
mohs surgery
a way to remove skin cancer by taking it off layer by layer; no skin graft, they stretch the skin and apply stitches
abscess treatment
incision and drainage
anesthetic
absence of sensation
antibiotic
cures bacterial infections
anitfungal
cures fungal infections
antiviral
cures viral infections
corticosteroid
anti-inflammatory
immunosuppressant
suppresses immune system
lesion
another word for something weird growing on the skin
noncancerous lesions in order of severity
papule, nodule, pustule, cyst
