Chap. 11 Urinary System D+C; Treatments Flashcards
anuria
absence of production of urine
diuresis
increase in urine production, patient goes to the bathroom more frequently but same amount
uremia
urine in the blood, toxic
what can anuria lead to?
uremia, urine in the blood
dysuria
painful or difficult urination, usually due to infection (UTI)
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine (children + infants)
hematuria
blood in the urina
does hematuria or uremia usually have a better prognosis?
hematuria because your blood is not toxic like in uremia
nocturnal enuresis
better wetter, involuntary discharge of urine while asleep
oliguria
only a small amount of urine is produced (scanty)
what is scanty?
when you feel like you need to go to the bathroom but only go a little, over and over
what could oliguria be from?
lack of fluid of partial renal failure, retention
polyuria
increase in urine production but the patient doesn’t go to the bathroom more frequently; they just have an increase in volume of urine excreted when they go but they go the same amount of times as a average person would
incontinence
uncontrollable urine excretion, cannot hold it (older/elderly) the older you get the worse it gets; due to weak muscular control; can happen after having kids bc everything is stretched; harder for women than men
retention
when urine is retained in the bladder and not excreted all the way; asking for an infection
what is the difference between a uremia and a hematuria
uremia is when there is urine circulating in your bloodstream, which is very toxic; means the kidney is not filtering correctly
hematuria is when waste has been filtered through the kidney and blood gets into it afterwards
what two signs occur with RF?
anuria and uremia
what is RF?
renal failure
cystolithiasis
presence of stones in the bladder
diabetes mellitus-glycosuria, hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyuria
damage to nephron
nephrolithiasis
presence of stone in the kidney; predisposed potentially, SAD, many reasons (sorta idiopathic)
when does kidney stones become painful and what does it feel like?
they are not painful when they are in the kidneys, only when they start to pass; feels like back pain because they are ripping the mucous membrane
nephrosclerosis
occurs when the “glob” of capillaries in the nephron scar over, hardening of the walls of the small arteries and arterioles of the kidney; can be from high BP and untreated diabetes
phenylketonuria
PKU, infants born without the enzyme to break down phenylalanine; if left untreated it can cause intellectual and developmental disabilities
how do they test to see if infants have PKU?
take a drop of blood from the infants heel to determine
polycystic kidney disease
PKD, disease which produces fluid filled sacs throughout the kidney
renal failure
toxic condition of blood called uremia with anuria or oliguria
what are the two ways you can get RF?
acute-anesthesia/infection or chronic- untreated diabetes/PKD
RF: acute-anesthesia; infection
usually short, treatable
RF: Chronic-untreated diabetes; PKD
usually no treatment; genetic; malformed/dysfunctional kidneys; transplant list immediately
urinary tract infection
UTI, bacterial infection of the urinary tract, can result in acute RF if infection is allowed to travel up to kidney
wilms tumor
childhood malignant cancer of the kidney
cystoscopy
visual examination of the bladder; for looking for stones or infection
urologist
treats everything except filtration issues or issues with the nephron itself
KUB xray
xray of the kidneys, ureter and bladder; used to diagnose stones; easy, lost cost; not invasive
urinalysis
lav test of urine, pee in a cup
what is the med term for kidney?
renal
dialysis or hemodialysis
treatment for renal failure; machine cleans the blood via a surgically created blood vessel called a fistula
what type of dialysis is used for kids and acute RF?
peritoneal dialysis
lithotripsy
uses ultrasound to break up stones, spinal anesthetic is usually used; 120 “taps” per min
transplant
PKD, untreated diabetes and lupus
lithotomy
surgery to remove a stone
urinary catheterization
placement of a flexible tube into bladder through the urethra to collect urine (CATH)
where are the kidneys located?
retroperitoneal; right next to the spine
what is another name for the urinary system?
excretory system
flitration
filter of blood from metabolic waste; waste from cellular respiration
what are electrolytes
ions in the body
waste storage and secretion
(method in which we get rid of things); storage of urine in the bladder
what is the creation of RBC’s called?
hematopoiesis
hormone production
erythropoietin; tells your bone marrow to produce RBCs; calcitriol- tells your small intestine to absorb calcium
what is a decrease in calcium in your bones called?
osteoporosis
homeostasis maintenance
regulates the pH of blood and regulating blood volume via water
what does a nephrologist do?
does filtering issues on the kidneys
