Chap. 3 Muscle Parts; Directional Mvmts; D & C; Tests, Procedures, Procedures & Therapeutics; TX

Question 1

origin

Answer 1

the attachment site that does not move when the muscle contracts; the end of the muscle that is anchored or where no motion takes place

Question 2

insertion

Answer 2

the attachment site that moves during muscular contraction; the opposite end of the origin where motion takes place at a joint

Question 3

tendon

Answer 3

a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone; ex: the achilles _______ attaches to the gastrocnemius muscle on the calf of the leg to the calcaneus or heel bone

Question 4

ligaments

Answer 4

a fibrous cord of tissue that attaches bone to bone; usually impacts stability by holding structures together; contributes greatly to joint stability

Question 5

agonist

Answer 5

the muscle that produce the primary movement

Question 6

antagonist

Answer 6

the muscle that works against the movement; opposite movement

Question 7

abduction

Answer 7

movement of a body part away from the midline

Question 8

adduction

Answer 8

movement of a body part toward the midline

Question 9

inversion

Answer 9

turning the sole of the foot inward

Question 10

eversion

Answer 10

turning the sole of the foot outward

Question 11

elevation

Answer 11

raising a body part (shoulders)

Question 12

depression

Answer 12

lowering a body part

Question 13

flexion

Answer 13

bending a joint or decreasing the angle

Question 14

extension

Answer 14

straightening a joint; increasing the angle

Question 15

hyperextension

Answer 15

straightening a joint beyond it’s normal range of motion

Question 16

dorsiflexion

Answer 16

bending your ankle so your toes are up

Question 17

plantar flexion

Answer 17

bending your ankle so your toes are towards the plants

Question 18

rotation

Answer 18

movement of a body part around its longitudinal axis

Question 19

pronation

Answer 19

turning the palm of your hand dorsally

Question 20

supination

Answer 20

turning the palm of the hand ventrally

Question 21

circumduction

Answer 21

rotation of the limb in a circle

Question 22

opposition

Answer 22

approximating of the thumb to each finger

Question 23

adhesion

Answer 23

scar tissue that can develop in a muscle post injury (gristle in steak) it abnormally binds muscle fibers or muscles together

Question 24

atrophy

Answer 24

wasting away or disintegration of muscle either because of non-use or pathology

Question 25

Carpal tunnel syndrome of CTS

Answer 25

pitching of the median nerve through the carpal tunnel

Question 26

fasciitis

Answer 26

inflammation of the fascia (thin membrane that cover, surrounds, and protects muscles)

Question 27

hemiparesis

Answer 27

half (right or left side) of body is slightly paralyzed

Question 28

hemiplegia

Answer 28

half the body completely paralyzed; brain issue (stroke)

Question 29

impingement syndrome

Answer 29

tendonitis in the shoulder due to osteoarthritis and overuse (in rotator cuff muscles)

Question 30

myalgia

Answer 30

pain in muscle

Question 31

myorrhexis

Answer 31

rupture in muscle

Question 32

rhabdomyoma rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer 32

benign muscular cancerous tumor

Question 33

sarcopenia

Answer 33

atrophy in elderly population; muscle fibers don't regenerate as quickly

Question 34

spasm

Answer 34

tightening of a muscle or portion of muscle abnormally

Question 35

strain

Answer 35

muscle or tendon tear; graded 1-3; differences in healing times and prognosis; treatment is PT and RICE

Question 36

tremor

Answer 36

random uncontrollable movements of the muscle abnormally (parkinson's disease)

Question 37

biopsy

Answer 37

extraction of tissue for microscopic examination

Question 38

deep tendon reflexes or DTR

Answer 38

used to check nerve functionality to muscles

Question 39

electromyogram

Answer 39

test to validate muscle can contract normally; uses an electric stimulator to see if the muscle contracts

Question 40

gonimetry

Answer 40

method used to measure range of motion; used in rehab a lot to pinpoint the location of the problem

Question 41

magnetic resonance imaging or MRI

Answer 41

order in the event our patient is not responding to treatment for the muscular injury; expensive; uses magnets

Question 42

nuclear medicine imaging or NMI

Answer 42

"bone scan" used to detect cancerous tumor by using a radioactive tracer intravenously

Question 43

radiography

Answer 43

field of imaging- all of them

Question 44

sonography

Answer 44

ultrasound

Question 45

plantar fasciitis

Answer 45

pain in the sole of the foot due to falling arch/stretching of plantar fascia

Question 46

ataxia

Answer 46

without coordination (proprioception) is just bad

Question 47

dystaxia

Answer 47

very bad coordination

Question 48

myoplasty

Answer 48

surgical repair of muscle

Question 49

physical therapy or PT

Answer 49

profession that rehabilitates muscular system

Question 50

range of motion or ROM therapy

Answer 50

geared towards increasing ROM

Question 51

RICE

Answer 51

rest, ice, compression, elevation; treatment for musculotendinous injuries; ice used in acute phase of healing; 1st 24-48 hours post injury for 20 min/hour. alternate moist heat and ice after acute phase

Question 52

analgesic

Answer 52

pain reliever; group of medicines; ex: a narcotic (suppresses the nerve)

Question 53

anti-inflammatory

Answer 53

NSAID or steroid (corticosteroids) decreases inflammation

Question 54

antispasmodic (anticholinergic)

Answer 54

muscle relaxer

Question 55

narcotic

Answer 55

pain control by depressing the central nervous system

Question 56

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or NSAID

Answer 56

advil, aleve, tylenol; hard on digestive system and liver; can cause ulcers in your stomach