Chap. 2: Skeletal System Fractures; Treatments; D & C

Question 1

a stiff joint caused by adhesion or abnormal fusion of 2 bones into 1

Answer 1

ankylosis

Question 2

a form of Rheumatoid Arthritis characterized by inflammation of vertebral joints, which can become fused and stiff

Answer 2

ankylosing spondylitis

Question 3

patients own immune system is causing inflammation in the joint also known as degenerative joint disease; whatever it wants it gets- complete destruction; whole entire cartilage is destroyed instead of just a part, hands + elbows not just weight bearing

Answer 3

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 4

another autoimmune arthritis in which uric acid crystals are deposited into the joint

Answer 4

Gout

Question 5

cartilage degeneration from inflamed synovial fluid. Resulting from injury to a joint, made worse by increased forces (sports), weight bearing; can be either joint only 1 is affected; end stage = joint replacement

Answer 5

Osteoarthritis

Question 6

accentuated thoracic curve

Answer 6

Kyphosis

Question 7

exaggerated lumbar curve

Answer 7

Lordosis

Question 8

malignant tumor of the bone marrow

Answer 8

Myeloma

Question 9

bone pain

Answer 9

Ostealgia

Question 10

infection of bone and bone marrow; suture area gets infected from bacteria (own skin, not cleaning, bed, etc.) loves bone bc of dark, warm, area and lack of blood supply = lack of immune system

Answer 10

Osteomyelitis

Question 11

malignant tumor of the bone

Answer 11

Osteosarcoma

Question 12

exaggerated or any lateral curve of T and L spine

Answer 12

Scoliosis

Question 13

malalignment of a joint; what chiropractors adjust

Answer 13

Subluxation

Question 14

All broken bones are…

Answer 14

fractures

Question 15

Bone breaks into many fragments; more than 2 pieces; common in older people bc of brittle bones

Answer 15

Comminuted

Question 16

Bone is crushed; common in porous bones (osteoporotic bones in older people); “sandwiched”

Answer 16

Compression

Question 17

Broken bone portion is pressed inward; typical skull fracture

Answer 17

Depressed

Question 18

Broken bone ends are forced into each other; commonly occurs when someone attempts to break a fall with outstretched arms

Answer 18

Impacted

Question 19

Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone; common sports fracture

Answer 19

Spiral

Question 20

Bone breaks incompletely, like a green twig breaks; common in children, whose bones are more flexible than those of adults; very outside of the bone breaks incompletely bc its still flexible; wraps around

Answer 20

Greenstick

Question 21

when a bone pops out of the synovial joint; usually during trauma

Answer 21

Dislocation

Question 22

when a ligament is torn; grade 0-3; takes 8 weeks to heal

Answer 22

Sprain

Question 23

bone is the same size, length, problems are inside, all bones everywhere, not enough calcium when young you could have it when your older, results are less bone density, very little force can make it break

Answer 23

Osteoporosis

Question 24

OB/GYN

Answer 24

OB is pregnant, GYN is not pregnant

Question 25

How are bone fractures treated

Answer 25

reduction and immobilization

Question 26

bones are gently coaxed into position by physicians hands

Answer 26

Closed reduction

Question 27

bones are realigned with instrument or by hand during surgery

Answer 27

Open reduction

Question 28

attempt to realign the bone involved or joint dislocation; a closed reduction

Answer 28

Manipulation

Question 29

external force exerted on a limb in a distal(axial) direction in an effort to return the bone or join to normal alignment; foots and knees; think: pulling on leg

Answer 29

Traction

Question 30

can't move the broken bone

Answer 30

Immobilization

Question 31

fracture treatment procedure in which hardware are placed through the skin and into the bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place while healing

Answer 31

External Fixation

Question 32

ORIF; one surgery, procedure is inside the bone; screws or plates are used and placed directly inside to hold the broken pieces in place

Answer 32

Internal Fixation

Question 33

visual examination of a joint; minimally invasive, soft tissue injuries, fractures; can diagnose injuries, repair soft tissues, remove damaged or inflamed tissue

Answer 33

Arthroscopy

Question 34

x ray of hip bone to determine if patient has osteoporosis

Answer 34

Bone density test

Question 35

using a needle and syringe to extract liquid from the marrow for transplantation, for osteopenia, osteoporosis, osteomalacia

Answer 35

Bone marrow aspiration

Question 36

high powered x ray machine; high radiation; advanced imaging technique

Answer 36

Computerized Tomography; CT

Question 37

image is produced using magnets; high powered; very expensive; advanced imaging technique

Answer 37

Magnetic Resonance Imaging; MRI

Question 38

very quick, cheap, easy images with minimal radiation risk

Answer 38

X Ray

Question 39

nuclear medical imaging, not harmful to the body at all; picks up areas of your body the dye is absorbed thats metabolically active (high metabolism); hot spots are most likely malignant cancer

Answer 39

Bone Scan

Question 40

blood test that is used to detect RA

Answer 40

Rheumatoid Factor; RF

Question 41

removal of fluid from a joint

Answer 41

Arthrocentesis

Question 42

transporting bone from one bone to a joint usually in the same place

Answer 42

Bone grafting

Question 43

surgical removal of the bursa

Answer 43

Bursectomy

Question 44

surgical removal of the intervertebral disk; take bone from hip ; put spacer in place; chips from hip to fuse vertebrae

Answer 44

Diskectomy

Question 45

surgical fusion of a joint (ankylosis)

Answer 45

Spondylosyndesis

Question 46

surgical incision of the tendon

Answer 46

Tenotomy

Question 47

aspirate spinal fluid; CSF cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 47

Lumbar puncture; Spinal tap

Question 48

pain reliever

Answer 48

Analgesic

Question 49

steroid & non steroid; steroid is prescribed only (corticosteroids) 3 months is the max

Answer 49

Anti-inflammatory

Question 50

fever reliever

Answer 50

Antipyretic

Question 51

drug that relieves pain and induces sleep by depressing the nervous system

Answer 51

Narcotic

Question 52

Advil, Tylenol, Alleve; can be very detrimental; over the counter

Answer 52

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

Question 53

used for autoimmune conditions by interrupting inflammation

Answer 53

Immunosuppresants

Question 54

arthritic pain early on, predisposes you to osteoarthritic pain in their 30/40s

Answer 54

sway back

Question 55

muscle to bone

Answer 55

Tendon

Question 56

bone to bone

Answer 56

Ligament

Question 57

resulting from pressure on weakened bone due to osteoporosis or cancer; when bone breaks due to underlying disease

Answer 57

compound/pathologic fracture

Question 58

bone breaks/tears completely through the skin

Answer 58

compound fracture