Chap. 2: Skeletal System Fractures; Treatments; D & C Flashcards
a stiff joint caused by adhesion or abnormal fusion of 2 bones into 1
ankylosis
a form of Rheumatoid Arthritis characterized by inflammation of vertebral joints, which can become fused and stiff
ankylosing spondylitis
patients own immune system is causing inflammation in the joint also known as degenerative joint disease; whatever it wants it gets- complete destruction; whole entire cartilage is destroyed instead of just a part, hands + elbows not just weight bearing
Rheumatoid Arthritis
another autoimmune arthritis in which uric acid crystals are deposited into the joint
Gout
cartilage degeneration from inflamed synovial fluid. Resulting from injury to a joint, made worse by increased forces (sports), weight bearing; can be either joint only 1 is affected; end stage = joint replacement
Osteoarthritis
accentuated thoracic curve
Kyphosis
exaggerated lumbar curve
Lordosis
malignant tumor of the bone marrow
Myeloma
bone pain
Ostealgia
infection of bone and bone marrow; suture area gets infected from bacteria (own skin, not cleaning, bed, etc.) loves bone bc of dark, warm, area and lack of blood supply = lack of immune system
Osteomyelitis
malignant tumor of the bone
Osteosarcoma
exaggerated or any lateral curve of T and L spine
Scoliosis
malalignment of a joint; what chiropractors adjust
Subluxation
All broken bones are…
fractures
Bone breaks into many fragments; more than 2 pieces; common in older people bc of brittle bones
Comminuted
Bone is crushed; common in porous bones (osteoporotic bones in older people); “sandwiched”
Compression
Broken bone portion is pressed inward; typical skull fracture
Depressed
Broken bone ends are forced into each other; commonly occurs when someone attempts to break a fall with outstretched arms
Impacted
Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone; common sports fracture
Spiral
Bone breaks incompletely, like a green twig breaks; common in children, whose bones are more flexible than those of adults; very outside of the bone breaks incompletely bc its still flexible; wraps around
Greenstick
when a bone pops out of the synovial joint; usually during trauma
Dislocation
when a ligament is torn; grade 0-3; takes 8 weeks to heal
Sprain
bone is the same size, length, problems are inside, all bones everywhere, not enough calcium when young you could have it when your older, results are less bone density, very little force can make it break
Osteoporosis
OB/GYN
OB is pregnant, GYN is not pregnant
How are bone fractures treated
reduction and immobilization
bones are gently coaxed into position by physicians hands
Closed reduction
bones are realigned with instrument or by hand during surgery
Open reduction
attempt to realign the bone involved or joint dislocation; a closed reduction
Manipulation
external force exerted on a limb in a distal(axial) direction in an effort to return the bone or join to normal alignment; foots and knees; think: pulling on leg
Traction
can’t move the broken bone
Immobilization
fracture treatment procedure in which hardware are placed through the skin and into the bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place while healing
External Fixation
ORIF; one surgery, procedure is inside the bone; screws or plates are used and placed directly inside to hold the broken pieces in place
Internal Fixation
visual examination of a joint; minimally invasive, soft tissue injuries, fractures; can diagnose injuries, repair soft tissues, remove damaged or inflamed tissue
Arthroscopy
x ray of hip bone to determine if patient has osteoporosis
Bone density test
using a needle and syringe to extract liquid from the marrow for transplantation, for osteopenia, osteoporosis, osteomalacia
Bone marrow aspiration
high powered x ray machine; high radiation; advanced imaging technique
Computerized Tomography; CT
image is produced using magnets; high powered; very expensive; advanced imaging technique
Magnetic Resonance Imaging; MRI
very quick, cheap, easy images with minimal radiation risk
X Ray
nuclear medical imaging, not harmful to the body at all; picks up areas of your body the dye is absorbed thats metabolically active (high metabolism); hot spots are most likely malignant cancer
Bone Scan
blood test that is used to detect RA
Rheumatoid Factor; RF
removal of fluid from a joint
Arthrocentesis
transporting bone from one bone to a joint usually in the same place
Bone grafting
surgical removal of the bursa
Bursectomy
surgical removal of the intervertebral disk; take bone from hip ; put spacer in place; chips from hip to fuse vertebrae
Diskectomy
surgical fusion of a joint (ankylosis)
Spondylosyndesis
surgical incision of the tendon
Tenotomy
aspirate spinal fluid; CSF cerebrospinal fluid
Lumbar puncture; Spinal tap
pain reliever
Analgesic
steroid & non steroid; steroid is prescribed only (corticosteroids) 3 months is the max
Anti-inflammatory
fever reliever
Antipyretic
drug that relieves pain and induces sleep by depressing the nervous system
Narcotic
Advil, Tylenol, Alleve; can be very detrimental; over the counter
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
used for autoimmune conditions by interrupting inflammation
Immunosuppresants
arthritic pain early on, predisposes you to osteoarthritic pain in their 30/40s
sway back
muscle to bone
Tendon
bone to bone
Ligament
resulting from pressure on weakened bone due to osteoporosis or cancer; when bone breaks due to underlying disease
compound/pathologic fracture
bone breaks/tears completely through the skin
compound fracture
