Chap. 9 Nervous System Anatomy

Question 1

Functions of the Nervous System

Answer 1

Sensory Input, Integration, Motor output

Question 2

sensory input

Answer 2

any electrical impulse sent from the eyes, ear, nose, tongue, or skin to the CNS

Question 3

Integration

Answer 3

information from the sensory organs, is interpreted

Question 4

Motor output

Answer 4

the response generated from the interpretation of sensory input

Question 5

voluntary movement

Answer 5

skeletal muscles

Question 6

involuntary movement

Answer 6

cardiac and smooth muscle

Question 7

CNS

Answer 7

central nervous system

Question 8

what is in the CNS?

Answer 8

brain and spinal cord

Question 9

PNS

Answer 9

peripheral nervous system, responsible for sensory information

Question 10

what is in the PNS

Answer 10

all nerves outside the CNS, voluntary and involuntary

Question 11

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 11

communicate with internal organs and glands (automatic/involuntary)

Question 12

what are the two types in the Autonomic nervous system

Answer 12

the sympathetic division (arousing, flight or fight, HR increases, D.S. shuts down)
parasympathetic division (calming, everything is normal like BP and HR)

Question 13

somatic nervous system

Answer 13

communicate with sensory organs and voluntary muscles (voluntary)

Question 14

what are the two types in the Somatic nervous system

Answer 14

sensory (afferent) nervous system (sensory input) body to brain

motor (efferent) nervous system (motor output)
brain to body

Question 15

brain

Answer 15

coordinates all activities of the body by receiving and transmitting message throughout the body

Question 16

CSF

Answer 16

cerebral spinal fluid

Question 17

what does cerebral spinal fluid do

Answer 17

protects the brain and fills the ventricles (cavities in the brain)

Question 18

right side of the brain

Answer 18

controls the left side of body, music/art, creativity, intuition, emotions, face recognition, subjectivity

Question 19

left side of the brain

Answer 19

control right side of body, numbers/math/scientific skills, language, logic, reasoning, objectivity

Question 20

cerbrum

Answer 20

two hemispheres

Question 21

occipital lobe

Answer 21

eyesight/vision

Question 22

temporal lobe

Answer 22

smell and hearing, language, factual and visual memory

Question 23

frontal lobe

Answer 23

controls movement, personality and emotion, problem solving, speech

Question 24

parietal lobe

Answer 24

receives and interprets sensory impulses to touch, pain, pressure and temperature

Question 25

Dienephalon

Answer 25

posterior part of the forebrain with three endocrine glands

Question 26

thalamus

Answer 26

sensory "traffic director"

Question 27

hypothalamus

Answer 27

controls vital functions, HR; BP; body temp; hormones; hunger; thirst and digestion

Question 28

pineal

Answer 28

circadian rhythm; sleep wake cycle

Question 29

Brain Stem

Answer 29

connects the cerebrum with spinal cord and controls vital signs and sleep patterns

Question 30

pons

Answer 30

"bridge" where nerves cross over

Question 31

midbrain

Answer 31

passage way for electrical impulses "highway for nerves"

Question 32

medulla oblongata

Answer 32

vital functions; respiration rate, HR, BP and temp, not hunger or thirst

Question 33

difference between language and speech

Answer 33

language in the temp lobe: what language you speak in speech: how you make the sounds you make to produce words and sounds

Question 34

cerebellum

Answer 34

control balance and equilibrium

Question 35

what does the cerebellum provide (not what it does)

Answer 35

precise timing for skeletal muscle activity and coordination of body movements

Question 36

spinal cord

Answer 36

highway of nerves, transmits nerve impulses between the brain, limbs, and lower part of the body Protected by CSF and the spinal column Composed of neural tissue both directions of impulses (sensory + motor) but different nerves inside the spinal cord

Question 37

protection of CNS

Answer 37

to protect from pathogens

Question 38

what are the 5 things that protect the CNS

Answer 38

scalp + skin skull + vertebral column meninges cerebrospinal fluid blood-brain matter

Question 39

meninges

Answer 39

three membranes that line and enclose the skull and spinal cord (called the dura matter, arachnoid matter, and pia matter) dura matter is the outermost one, then arachnoid matter, the pia matter

Question 40

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 40

CSF, similar to blood plasma composition

Question 41

blood-brain barrier

Answer 41

these are the least permeable capillaries of the body barrier to exclude or prevent many potentially harmful substances to have access to the brain but with some exceptions: – Fats and fat soluble molecules – Respiratory gases – Alcohol – Nicotine – Anesthesia

Question 42

PNS primary functions

Answer 42

receive and transmit messages to and from all part of the body

Question 43

neuron

Answer 43

basic cell of the nervous system (nerve cell)

Question 44

afferent nerves

Answer 44

sensory nerves: send messages toward the CNS ex: touching a hot object is sensed by the brain as hot to the touch

Question 45

efferent nerves

Answer 45

motor nerves: receives messages from the CNS ex: your hands pull away from the hot cup once touched