Chap. 7 Respiratory System; Diseases and Conditions

Question 1

Apnea

Answer 1

absence of breathing

Question 2

Bradypnea

Answer 2

slow rate of breathing; normal rate is 12-20 breaths per minute for an adult; 1 breath = 1 inhalation and 1 exhalation

Question 3

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

Answer 3

“Death Rattle” periods of apnea then increasing rate; usu. terminal state

apnea (not breathing) -> rising breath rate -> slowing down -> repeat

Question 4

Dyspnea

Answer 4

bad, difficult, painful breathing

Question 5

Eupnea

Answer 5

good, normal breathing

Question 6

Hyperpnea

Answer 6

excessive breathing… during inhalation/exhalation at the same rate (rate is not affected, it stays the same)

Question 7

Hyperventilation

Answer 7

“over breathing” with tachypnea… sometimes results in low CO2 levels in blood; deep and fast; not a normal rate; tissues are being deprived of O2; treatment is a bag over face but if that doesn’t work you will pass out and breathing will go back to normal; too much O2 not enough CO2

Question 8

Hypoventilation

Answer 8

shallow breathing, normal rate

Question 9

Orthopnea

Answer 9

position of patient affects breathing quality
ex: when you have a sinus infection and your nose gets stuffy from sleeping on one side

Question 10

Tachypnea

Answer 10

fast breathing; greater than 20 breaths per min; maybe b/c patient is out of shape

Question 11

Rales, Rhonchi, Stridor, Wheeze

Answer 11

sounds you make when the doctor auscultates your lungs, will do every lobe from dorsal or posterior approach bc its easier; abnormal sounds from your lungs; indicate pathology; gives a doctor an idea of whats going on inside the body;

Question 12

1 breath =

Answer 12

one inhalation AND one exhalation

Question 13

Aspiration

Answer 13

to inhale something into your lungs other than air
ex: vomit, water, smoke; when a patient is coming out of general anesthesia, they can vomit and pass out again leaving the vomit in their mouth, it can go back down and into the lungs and cause an infection in/near/around the avioles

Question 14

Asthma

Answer 14

usually due to an allergen; constriction of the bronchial tubes and increased mucus; occurs in bronchus/bronchioles; also exercised induced asthma, bad cardiovascularly if you have the note not to exercise; find trigger prevention is key

Question 15

Atelectasis

Answer 15

collapsed lung due to airway obstruction, hyperventilation, fluid buildup; really bad asthma or hyperventilation could lead to a collapsed lung

Question 16

Pneumothorax

Answer 16

collapsed lung due to trauma; puncture the lung = collapsed lung, the pleural and atmospheric pressure equalize, plug the puncture to restabilize the pressure gradient

Question 17

pleural pressure

Answer 17

spongy inside; fluid will displace lung, it will not function, take out fluid to fix

Question 18

pressure gradient

Answer 18

to keep lungs working

Question 19

Pleural effusion

Answer 19

fluid buildup in the Pleural space, can cause atelectasis; the fluid when having pressure on your pleural space; fluid can be edema from CHF (allows blood to seep out b/c its too weak to pump and extra blood gets left over in the ventricles), fluid can also be from cirrhosis of liver

Question 20

bronchitis

Answer 20

inflammation of the bronchus, usu viral very rare if bacteria; can be due to getting a cold getting worse, b/c of mucus so take a mucus thinner

Question 21

bronchogenic carcinoma

Answer 21

lung cancer; smoking, inhaling toxic fumes; most common cancer

Question 22

bronchospasm

Answer 22

constriction of the bronchus

Question 23

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer 23

(COPD) category of diseases, obstruction to respiration; emphysema

Question 24

common cold

Answer 24

viral infection of respiratory tract often diagnosed as upper respiratory infection; treated by an ENT; above the voice box

Question 25

coughing

Answer 25

bodies natural way to clear mucus

Question 26

croup

Answer 26

viral infection of the larynx, usu. in small children; barking cough is a symptom of it

Question 27

cystic fibrosis

Answer 27

CF, where your body over produces mucus everywhere, shaky vest; thick: may go up to trachea and blocks, deals with lungs; interferes with respiration, coats you digestive system and prevents the absorption of food

Question 28

emphysema

Answer 28

1 type of COPD.. alveolar walls develop scar tissue…why? same clot as cancer. when it scars over the alveoli

Question 29

empyema

Answer 29

pus in the pleural cavity; outside the lung

Question 30

LRI

Answer 30

lower respiratory infection treated by a pulmonologist

Question 31

URI

Answer 31

upper respiratory infection, treated by an ENT

Question 32

hay fever

Answer 32

allergies

Question 33

influenza

Answer 33

med term for flu, caused by a virus, mutates so much there are so many different strands

Question 34

pneumonia

Answer 34

fluid buildup in pleural space, can cause atelectasis; bacterial, fungal, or chemical; end result is the same, hard to get rid of; if you are immunocompromised, can get a second infection of top of one a couple days to a week later; can get very serious very quickly

Question 35

pulmonary embolism

Answer 35

(PE) blockage of the blood supply by a blood lot to the lungs usu. post op.

Question 36

sleep apnea

Answer 36

condition in wic you have short periods of apnea during the night, treatment is CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)

Question 37

sputum

Answer 37

a collection of mucus coughed up from the lungs; usu. sent to lab to investigate/ phlegm a sputum sample

Question 38

strep throat

Answer 38

bacteria in the throat

Question 39

tuberculosis

Answer 39

(TB) bacteria that infects the lungs; destroys lung tissue slowly, can produce spores, lives off your lung tissue for food and liquefies it while your tissue is bleeding; no symptoms until its too late

Question 40

respiratory syncytial virus

Answer 40

(RSV), weird virus, comon, no cure, can spread to lower respiratory tract causing pneumonia or bronchitis

Question 41

bronchoscopy

Answer 41

visual examination of the bronchicc

Question 42

chest x-ray

Answer 42

x-ray of lung to look for fluid or collapse, cheap, non-invasive, used a lot

Question 43

oximetry

Answer 43

mr. pinchy, pulse oximeter- measures oxygen in your blood, right side is oxygen saturation (should be 100 but its usu at 97/98) left side is pulse (should be between 60-90) asthma, covid, pneumonia will affect O2 levels

Question 44

polysomnography

Answer 44

sleep study to watch brain, looking for sleep apnea, watches everything

Question 45

pulmonary angiography

Answer 45

check for clots in blood vessels that supply lungs, uses catheter, contrast medium, fluoroscopy

Question 46

spirometry

Answer 46

test to record the volume of air a person can inhale/exhale (ventilating)

Question 47

Arterial blood gas

Answer 47

(ABG), blood test to exactly measure O2 saturation in the blood “Mr. Pinchys Dad”; its better

Question 48

continuous positive airway pressure

Answer 48

CPAP, for sleep apnea

Question 49

endotracheal intubation

Answer 49

(ET) breathing tube, placed in airway for a ventilator or manual respiration (the big yellow squishy balloon)

Question 50

antihistamine

Answer 50

used to calm autoimmune (allergic) reactions, interrupts inflammatory pathway; benadryl

Question 51

antitussive

Answer 51

cough suppressant, can be bad because the bodies natural way of getting rid of gunk is coughing

Question 52

bronchodilator

Answer 52

dilates bronchi

Question 53

decongestant

Answer 53

shrinks swollen mucous membranes and blood vessels in UR tract to relieve pressure and congestion

Question 54

expectorant

Answer 54

thins and loosens mucous in the airways to make it easier to cough up or be processed by lymphatic system, like mucinex

Question 55

same as expectorant

Answer 55

mucolytic

Question 56

inhaler

Answer 56

aerosolized steroids (corticosteroids)