Chap. 7 Respiratory System; Diseases and Conditions Flashcards
Apnea
absence of breathing
Bradypnea
slow rate of breathing; normal rate is 12-20 breaths per minute for an adult; 1 breath = 1 inhalation and 1 exhalation
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
“Death Rattle” periods of apnea then increasing rate; usu. terminal state
apnea (not breathing) -> rising breath rate -> slowing down -> repeat
Dyspnea
bad, difficult, painful breathing
Eupnea
good, normal breathing
Hyperpnea
excessive breathing… during inhalation/exhalation at the same rate (rate is not affected, it stays the same)
Hyperventilation
“over breathing” with tachypnea… sometimes results in low CO2 levels in blood; deep and fast; not a normal rate; tissues are being deprived of O2; treatment is a bag over face but if that doesn’t work you will pass out and breathing will go back to normal; too much O2 not enough CO2
Hypoventilation
shallow breathing, normal rate
Orthopnea
position of patient affects breathing quality
ex: when you have a sinus infection and your nose gets stuffy from sleeping on one side
Tachypnea
fast breathing; greater than 20 breaths per min; maybe b/c patient is out of shape
Rales, Rhonchi, Stridor, Wheeze
sounds you make when the doctor auscultates your lungs, will do every lobe from dorsal or posterior approach bc its easier; abnormal sounds from your lungs; indicate pathology; gives a doctor an idea of whats going on inside the body;
1 breath =
one inhalation AND one exhalation
Aspiration
to inhale something into your lungs other than air
ex: vomit, water, smoke; when a patient is coming out of general anesthesia, they can vomit and pass out again leaving the vomit in their mouth, it can go back down and into the lungs and cause an infection in/near/around the avioles
Asthma
usually due to an allergen; constriction of the bronchial tubes and increased mucus; occurs in bronchus/bronchioles; also exercised induced asthma, bad cardiovascularly if you have the note not to exercise; find trigger prevention is key
Atelectasis
collapsed lung due to airway obstruction, hyperventilation, fluid buildup; really bad asthma or hyperventilation could lead to a collapsed lung
Pneumothorax
collapsed lung due to trauma; puncture the lung = collapsed lung, the pleural and atmospheric pressure equalize, plug the puncture to restabilize the pressure gradient
pleural pressure
spongy inside; fluid will displace lung, it will not function, take out fluid to fix
pressure gradient
to keep lungs working
Pleural effusion
fluid buildup in the Pleural space, can cause atelectasis; the fluid when having pressure on your pleural space; fluid can be edema from CHF (allows blood to seep out b/c its too weak to pump and extra blood gets left over in the ventricles), fluid can also be from cirrhosis of liver
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchus, usu viral very rare if bacteria; can be due to getting a cold getting worse, b/c of mucus so take a mucus thinner
bronchogenic carcinoma
lung cancer; smoking, inhaling toxic fumes; most common cancer
bronchospasm
constriction of the bronchus
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) category of diseases, obstruction to respiration; emphysema
common cold
viral infection of respiratory tract often diagnosed as upper respiratory infection; treated by an ENT; above the voice box
coughing
bodies natural way to clear mucus
croup
viral infection of the larynx, usu. in small children; barking cough is a symptom of it
cystic fibrosis
CF, where your body over produces mucus everywhere, shaky vest; thick: may go up to trachea and blocks, deals with lungs; interferes with respiration, coats you digestive system and prevents the absorption of food
emphysema
1 type of COPD.. alveolar walls develop scar tissue…why? same clot as cancer. when it scars over the alveoli
empyema
pus in the pleural cavity; outside the lung
LRI
lower respiratory infection treated by a pulmonologist
URI
upper respiratory infection, treated by an ENT
hay fever
allergies
influenza
med term for flu, caused by a virus, mutates so much there are so many different strands
pneumonia
fluid buildup in pleural space, can cause atelectasis; bacterial, fungal, or chemical; end result is the same, hard to get rid of; if you are immunocompromised, can get a second infection of top of one a couple days to a week later; can get very serious very quickly
pulmonary embolism
(PE) blockage of the blood supply by a blood lot to the lungs usu. post op.
sleep apnea
condition in wic you have short periods of apnea during the night, treatment is CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)
sputum
a collection of mucus coughed up from the lungs; usu. sent to lab to investigate/ phlegm a sputum sample
strep throat
bacteria in the throat
tuberculosis
(TB) bacteria that infects the lungs; destroys lung tissue slowly, can produce spores, lives off your lung tissue for food and liquefies it while your tissue is bleeding; no symptoms until its too late
respiratory syncytial virus
(RSV), weird virus, comon, no cure, can spread to lower respiratory tract causing pneumonia or bronchitis
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchicc
chest x-ray
x-ray of lung to look for fluid or collapse, cheap, non-invasive, used a lot
oximetry
mr. pinchy, pulse oximeter- measures oxygen in your blood, right side is oxygen saturation (should be 100 but its usu at 97/98) left side is pulse (should be between 60-90) asthma, covid, pneumonia will affect O2 levels
polysomnography
sleep study to watch brain, looking for sleep apnea, watches everything
pulmonary angiography
check for clots in blood vessels that supply lungs, uses catheter, contrast medium, fluoroscopy
spirometry
test to record the volume of air a person can inhale/exhale (ventilating)
Arterial blood gas
(ABG), blood test to exactly measure O2 saturation in the blood “Mr. Pinchys Dad”; its better
continuous positive airway pressure
CPAP, for sleep apnea
endotracheal intubation
(ET) breathing tube, placed in airway for a ventilator or manual respiration (the big yellow squishy balloon)
antihistamine
used to calm autoimmune (allergic) reactions, interrupts inflammatory pathway; benadryl
antitussive
cough suppressant, can be bad because the bodies natural way of getting rid of gunk is coughing
bronchodilator
dilates bronchi
decongestant
shrinks swollen mucous membranes and blood vessels in UR tract to relieve pressure and congestion
expectorant
thins and loosens mucous in the airways to make it easier to cough up or be processed by lymphatic system, like mucinex
same as expectorant
mucolytic
inhaler
aerosolized steroids (corticosteroids)
