Chap. 9 Nervous System D+C, Treatments Flashcards
Alzheimer’s Disease
AD, idiopathic atrophy of neurons in brain
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
ALS, degeneration of skeletal motor neurons (stephen hawking), idiopathic
Bell’s Palsy
hemiplegia of the face, could be from a virus
what is another name for ALS
Lou Gehrig’s disease
what happens when you have a Cerebral Aneurysm
you have a stroke
Cerebral aneurysm
localized balloon of vessel in the brain
Cerebral contusion
brain bruise from physical trauma, no treatment, just heals, neurons do not regenerate all the way
Cerebral palsy
CP, usually due to birth trauma, brain goes without oxygen for too long, causes the brain from developing (losing neurons); minimally to totally disabled
cerebrovascular accident
CVA, loss of blood supply to the brain (“stroke”)
what are the 2 types of CVA’s?
hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke
which is more common: a hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke?
hemorrhagic
hemorrhagic stroke
ruptured aneurysm
ischemic stroke
when an artery is blocked by a blood clot
coma
brain turns off everything except vital body functions; the brain is taking a break so it can heal, after trauma, growing usually stops
concussion
bruising/injury to the brain from sports/trauma that n
CTE
when there is a traumatic injury, afterwards sometimes abnormal proteins connect neurons irregularly; think: football players
what is the only way to find if someone has CTE
postmortem
what is myelin
a gelatinous covering over the “tail” of neurons
what does myelin do?
facilitates and allows the electrical impulses to travel quickly and insulates it so it doesn’t “get lost”
what doesn’t re-develop in the brain but makes new _____?
neurons do not re-develop (there is not a unlimited number of them) but, they do make new connections in the brain
is CTE detectable by anything
no, it is undetectable by CT’s, MRI’s, etc.
dementia
precursor to AD or may not progess at all
Epidural Hematoma
EDH, bleeding from trauma in between the dura matter and skull; can cause pressure from the blood building up in the brain/skull which causes pain, to increase
what is the pressure called in a EDH
intracranial pressure
epilepsy
diseases that causes seizures; arrhythmia of the brain
what is the treatment for EDH and SDH
burr holes are drilled into the skull where there is the most swelling
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
GB Syndrome, inflammation of PNS post infection, progressive muscle weakness that may lead to paralysis; pain; your autoimmune system attacks your PNS; idiopathic
what does an MRI show?
where the myelin is gone, fluid instead of nerve
multiple sclerosis
MS, autoimmune that causes degeneration of myelin; snowflake disease; affects vision, balance, muscle control; selma blair
parkinson’s disease
PD, Michael J. Fox has this, idiopathic disease of the brain which causes tremors
poliomyelitis
polio, viral infection of nervous system that causes paralysis permanently
what can occur in patients that used to have polio?
post polio syndrome, symptoms reoccur just not as severe, b/c of a weakened autoimmune system in older people
seizure
see reasons other than epilepsy
shingles
herpes (chicken pox), viral infection that causes breakout along ribs, extremely painful in older people
subdural hematoma
see EDH, except subdural
syncope
fainting
transient ischemic attack
TIA, angina is to MI as TIA is to a CVA, warning sign/mini-stroke
tremor
see parkinsons
what do mental disorders and conditions affect?
does not affect your body, but rather how you process information
generalized anxiety disorder
GAD, excessive worry that can have physical symptoms like increased HR, chest pain, sweating, nausea, and HA’s
Obsessive compulsive disorder
OCD, repetition from fear; 85% of the time its from the fear of germs
panic disorder
PD, sudden recurring attack that have physical symptoms, basically GAD on steroids, you could have an actual heart attack (things like that)
post-traumatic stress disorder
PTSD, fear, started in the military
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
ADHD, inability to focus on 1 task for a certain amount of time, lack of impulse control
autism spectrum disorder
ASD, developmental disability where the patient has difficulty communicating with others; social norms; idiopathic and on the rise
