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History Patterns - Unit 2 > Chap 6.1 Slides > Flashcards

Chap 6.1 Slides Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Italy’s Geography like?

A

–south from Europe far into Mediterranean Sea

–Halfway between eastern, western boundaries of the sea

–Protected by mountains, sea

–Rich soil, mild climate

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2
Q

What was the story of the The Founding of Rome?

A
  • Legend: Romulus and Remus, twin brothers raised by she-wolf; founded city 753 BC
  • City near Tiber River
  • Valuable trade routes, easy access to sea
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3
Q

Who were The Etruscans?

A
  • Rome first ruled by Latin Kings
  • Came under Etruscan rule, 600 BC
  • Etruscans came from northern Italy

–Great metalworkers, jewelers

–Etruscan culture influenced by Greeks

•Etruscans had great influence on Roman society

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4
Q

Who were the 2 groups of people in Rome?

A

Patricians - elected officials; Patrician controlled all society—politics, religion, economics, military

Plebeians - common people, Lower free class

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5
Q

What became of Rome after Etruscan Rule Ended?

A

Republic—elected officials governed state

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6
Q

What was the Plebeian Council?

A
  • After receiving new rights, plebeians formed own assembly
  • Gained right to veto—ban laws that seemed harmful, unjust
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7
Q

What were the Laws?

A
  • 450 BC, plebeians forced patricians to have all laws written down
  • Laws displayed in Roman Forum on 12 large bronze tablets
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8
Q

What were the Offices and Institutions of the Republican Government?

A

Consisted of three parts:

Senate

popular assemblies

magistrates

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9
Q

What was the SENATE?

A

•Senate:

300 members, advised elected officials, controlled finances, handled foreign relations

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10
Q

What was the Assembly?

A

•Assembly: in these all citizens voted on laws, elected officials

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11
Q

What were the Magistrates?

A

•Magistrates: governed in name of Senate and people, put laws into practice, acted as priests

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12
Q

What were the Consuls?

A
  • When last king thrown out, his place taken by two magistrates called consuls
  • Elected for one year; chief executives, army commanders
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13
Q

What were the Censors?

A
  • Next most important after consuls
  • Recorded wealth, residence of population
  • Filled vacancies in Senate
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14
Q

What were Constraints?

A
  • Government worked well because of system of checks, balances
  • Like in the USA
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15
Q

Who was Cincinnatus?

A
  • Romans turned to greatest general, Cincinnatus, to save them from invasion
  • Cincinnatus plowing fields at the time
  • People made Cincinnatus dictator
  • Office of dictator had nearly unlimited power but could be held for only six months
  • Cincinnatus defeated enemies and returned to farm
  • Had no interest in retaining power
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16
Q

What was The Legion?

A

Military Might

  • Successful expansion not possible without powerful army
  • All Roman men between ages 17 and 46 required to serve in army during times of war
17
Q

What was Roman Army like?

A
  • Organized into units called legions, led by centurions
  • Centurions: Officers who commanded 100 men
  • Army highly disciplined, well-trained force, could fight in all types of terrain
18
Q

How was Life in the Republic organized?

A

At its heart was the Forum, the public square and site of the most important government buildings and temples

19
Q

Where was the Political Center?

A

At its heart was the Forum, the public square and site of the most important government buildings and temples

20
Q

What happened at the Forum?

A
  • Forum more than just political center
  • Popular place for shopping, gossip
  • Busy shops lined either side of Forum
  • Public celebrations usually held there
21
Q

What were the The Punic Wars?

A

Violence between Rome and Carthage broke out in 264 BC.

22
Q

Who was Hannibal?

A
  • 218 BC, Carthaginian general Hannibal led army to Italy
  • Hannibal ravaged Italy, defeated every army he faced
  • Romans needed new strategy
23
Q

Who was Scipio?

A
  • Romans decided to take war to Africa
  • General Publius Cornelius Scipio sailed to Africa, besieged Carthage
  • Forced Hannibal to sail home
  • Scipio defeated Hannibal, took Carthage, won Punic War
24
Q

What happened to Greece?

A

The Conquest of Greece

  • After Carthage, Romans annexed Greece as province as well
  • Romans adopted many elements of Greek culture, particularly art
25
Q

What happened to Greek culture?

A

•Romans also borrowed ideas of religion from Greeks, adopted their gods but changed the names

History Patterns - Unit 2 (26 decks)

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