Chap 13.4 - 13.5 Slides

Question 1

By 1200, what were the Nobles worried about?

Answer 1

The power of the English king started to worry some nobles.

They feared kings would abuse their powers

Question 2

Who were the Nobles concerned about?

Why?

Answer 2

• Nobles concerned their rights would be taken away
• 1215, problems with King John

Question 3

What was King John doing?

Who was not happy with this and why?

Answer 3

• John caught in war with France
• Tried to raise money with new tax on nobility
• Nobles refused tax, took up arms against king

Question 4

What did rebellious nobles force King John to do?

Answer 4

Accept document outlining their rights - Magna Carta

Question 5

What was the aim of the Magna Carta?

Answer 5

• Restricted king’s power;
• kings not above the law

Question 6

What did the Magna Carta demand the King do?

Answer 6

•King had to obtain consent of nobles before raising taxes

Question 7

What did the Magna Carta forbid the King to do?

Answer 7

•Ended king’s ability to arrest, punish people without cause or take property illegally

Question 8

After the Magna Carta, were the Nobles satisfied?

Answer 8

Dissatisfaction

• Magna Carta addressed many concerns, but some nobles still not satisfied
• King constantly asked for approval to raise taxes of which they disapproved
• 1260s, nobles began another rebellion to obtain say in how kingdom was run

Question 9

What is the English governing body?

Answer 9

Parliament

Question 10

How did the Parliament come about?

Answer 10

• As part of agreement to end rebellion, king agreed to meet with members of nobility, clergy, middle class to discuss key issues facing country
• Resulting council developed into English governing body, Parliament

Question 11

Who clarified role of Parliament?

Who worked well with this governing body?

Answer 11

• Edward I one of first kings to clarify role of Parliament,
• work effectively with governing body

Question 12

In 1295, what people was in Parliament?

Answer 12

Parliament put together by Edward included nobles, clergy, representatives from every English county, town

Question 13

What did Parliament have power over?

Answer 13

•Had power to create new taxes, advise king on lawmaking, royal policy

Question 14

What did King Edward accomplish?

Answer 14

•Edward strengthened England’s central government, reformed system of laws

Question 15

How did the English monarchy compare to other European countries?

Answer 15

The changes in the English monarchy were unique.

Question 16

What did kings in other European countries seek to do?

Answer 16

During the Middle Ages, kings in other European countries worked to gain more power

Question 17

What was the monarchy like in France?

Who had power in France?

Answer 17

• After Charlemagne, kings of France did not rule much territory
• Limited to area around Paris, Orleans
• Rest in hands of powerful nobles

Question 18

Whowere the Capetians?

Answer 18

• Mid-900s, one noble family rose to power when one member elected king
• Hugh Capet, successors extended power throughout France

Question 19

Who ruled over France until the 1300s?

Who had the power?

Answer 19

• Sometimes Capetians fought local nobles for power
• Other times created allegiances
• By 1300, ruled almost all of modern France

Question 20

Where else did monarchy grow in Europe?

What did these monarchy struggle with?

Answer 20

•Growth of monarchy in Spain, Portugal coupled with religious struggles

Question 21

Who had conquered Spain and Portugal?

Answer 21

•Today the two countries share Iberian Peninsula, which had been conquered by Muslims in early 700s

•Muslims, called Moors by Christians, built powerful state centered in city of Cordoba.

•Christians ruled only few kingdoms in far northern part of peninsula

Question 22

What were the Fighting Moors?

Answer 22

•722, Christian rulers began to fight Moors, drive them out of Europe

Question 23

What were the Christian campaigns called?

Answer 23

•Christian states began series of campaigns to retake Iberian Peninsula, called the Reconquista

Question 24

Who won great victory over the Muslims (Moors)?

What did this inspire?

Answer 24

•1085, King of Castile won great victory over Moors,

inspired rulers of two other Christian kingdoms to join in the Reconquista

Question 25

What was the victory in Portugal?

Answer 25

• Early 1100s, Portuguese drove Moors completely out of their lands,
• established Kingdom of Portugal

Question 26

How were the Muslims (Moors) pushed out of Spain & Portugal?

Answer 26

• Rulers of Aragon and Castile continued to push south, captured Cordoba 1236
• Christians pushed Moors almost all the way out of Spain within a few years
• Moors not driven completely off Iberian Peninsula until 1492

Question 27

How did modern Spain come about?

Answer 27

Modern Spain 1400s

Royal marriage between rulers of Aragon and Castile united two kingdoms

•Combining countries and power, they ruled one of strongest countries in Europe

Question 28

Power and conflict with the Church would result in ___________

Answer 28

Excommunication

Question 29

Why was there Excommunication?

What happened to ex-communicated people?

Answer 29

• Bishops or regular people guilty of bad offenses excommunicated, cast out of church
• No greater punishment for Christians in Middle Ages
• Person excommunicated could not be saved

Question 30

Who had the most influence on people and on politics?

Answer 30

Popes gained influence over people’s religious lives,

also over European politics

Question 31

What did the Pope become head of?

What did Pope’s decide?

Answer 31

• Pope became head of huge network of ecclesiastical courts,
• heard cases on religious, moral matters

Question 32

What did the Pope also rule over?

Answer 32

•Pope also ruled territories, like Papal States

Question 33

What did Popes do militarily?

Answer 33

–Had ability to raise armies to defend territories

–Several popes hired Normans to fight wars

–Crusades against Muslims launched by popes