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History Patterns - Unit 2 > Chap 5.2 Slides > Flashcards

Chap 5.2 Slides Flashcards

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1
Q

Athens was the world’s first _______________

What is it?

A

Athens was the world’s first democracy, a form of government run by the people

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2
Q

What was Athens ruled by?

A
  • Athens, birthplace of democracy
  • Not always democratic city
  • First ruled by kings
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3
Q

What was Nature of Athenian Democracy?

Who could participate?

A
  • As democracy, Athens ruled by the people, but not all people able to take part in government; only about 10 percent of total population
  • Only free male Athenians over age 20 who had completed military training allowed to vote
  • Women, immigrants, children, slaves had no role in government
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4
Q

What could participants in Athenian government do?

A

•Those allowed to take part in government expected to:

–Vote in all elections

–Serve in office if elected

–Serve on juries

–Serve in military during war

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5
Q

What were the 3 main bodies in Athenian democracy?

A
  • Athenian democracy consisted of three main bodies—
  • Assembly
  • Council of 500
  • Courts
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6
Q

What was the Assembly?

A
  • Included everyone eligible to serve in government
  • All present voted on laws
  • Called direct democracy
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7
Q

What was the Council of 500?

A

Council of 500

•Wrote laws to be voted on by full assembly

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8
Q

What were the COURTS ?

A

Courts

Trials, sentenced criminals

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9
Q

The ________ Wars occurred in the early _____.

This was a conflict between the Greek city-states and the _________

A

The Persian Wars

In the early 400s BC, the Greek city-states came into conflict with the Persian Empire

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10
Q

What caused the Persian War?

What was the root of the Persian War?

A

Roots of Persian Wars lay in region of Ionia, in what is now Turkey

Ionian city-states founded as Greek colonies, fell under Persian rule, 500s BC

  • Ionian Greeks unhappy with Persian rule
  • Wanted independence
  • Rebelled, 499 BC
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11
Q

What did the Ionian Greeks do?

A
  • Ionian Greeks asked fellow Greeks for help
  • Athens sent aid, ships
  • Persians put down revolt

–Revolt made Persian emperor Darius angry enough to seek revenge

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12
Q

What happened in the first Persian Invasion?

A

The First Persian Invasion

  • 490 BC, Persians set out to fulfill Darius’s plans for revenge
  • Fleet carrying tens of thousands of Persian troops set out for Greece
  • Came ashore near town of Marathon, not far from Athens
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13
Q

Who won at the Battle of Marathon?

What do we remember about Marathon?

A
  • Greeks defeat the Persians
  • Legend says Athenian messenger named Pheidippides ran from Marathon to Athens after battle to announce Greek victory; died from exhaustion after delivering message
  • Legend inspired modern marathon, 26-mile race in his honor
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14
Q

Who led the Second Invasion?

A

Preparations for a Second Invasion

  • Darius planned second invasion, but died before invasion launched
  • Son Xerxes vowed revenge, continued to plan attack on Greece
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15
Q

What did Xerxes do? When?

A

Xerxes

  • 480 BC, 10 years after first invasion, Xerxes set out for Greece
  • Hundreds of thousands of soldiers
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16
Q

What did the Athenians do to fight the invasion?

A
  • Faced with invasion, Athenians called on other Greek city-states to help fight off Persians
  • Athens, bitter rival, agreed to help
  • Sparta took charge of Greek armies
  • 300
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17
Q

What happened at Thermopylae?

A

The Greeks worried that they would not have time to prepare their troops for battle. To slow down the Persians, a group of Spartans and their allies gathered in a mountain pass at Thermopylae, through which the Persians would pass to get into Greece

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18
Q

What did the Spartans do at Thermopylae?

A

The Second Persian Invasion

  • Spartans held off entire Persian army for several days
  • Persians shown alternate path through mountains; were able to surround, kill Spartans
  • Spartans’ sacrifice bought time for Greeks’ defense
19
Q

Who won at Thermopylae?

A

Persian army was no longer a match for the Greeks; and within a year the Greeks had won the Persian Wars

20
Q

After the Persian Wars, what was Athens like?

A

The Golden Age of Athens

After the Persian wars, Athens entered a golden age as the center of Greek culture and politics

21
Q

What did the Greek city-states do after the Persian Wars?

A

Alliance

  • After Persian Wars city-states banded together to defend each other
  • Largest, richest member was Athens
22
Q

What did the city-states form?

Who controlled the money?

A

Delian League

  • Delian League
  • Athens controlled the league’s money
23
Q

How did some members feel?

A

Increased Influence

  • Some members resented Athenian dominance
  • League became Athenian empire
24
Q

What did Athens do?

Where did money come from?

A

Rebuilding Athens

  • Athens rebuild
  • The Money came from treasury of Delian League
25
Q

How did Athens rebuild?

A

Collective Funds to Rebuild

  • Other members of League not happy, but not powerful enough to stop Athens
  • Rebuilding began at top, with acropolis, series of grand temples
26
Q

What did the rebuilding do to Athens?

A

Height of Culture

  • Grandest temple, Parthenon, dedicated to goddess Athena
  • Athenians expanded port, built new roads,
  • Rebuilt Athens considered height of Greek culture
27
Q

Who was most responsible for rebuilding of Athens?

A

The Age of Pericles

Much of the rebuilding of Athens was due to one man — Pericles, a skilled politician and gifted public speaker

28
Q

When did Pericles live?

Who was Pericles?

A

•460s

Pericles became Athens’ most influential politician

29
Q

What did Pericles champion?

A

Great champion of democracy

– Introduced payment for those who served in public offices, on juries

– Encouraged Athenians to introduce democracy elsewhere

30
Q

How did Pericles contribute to the ARTS?

A

Patron of the Arts

•Commissioned building Parthenon, other monuments

–Hired artists, sculptors to decorate them

31
Q

What did Pericles want for Athens?

A

Wanted Athens to be most glorious city in Greece

– Believed it had best government, noblest people, monuments to prove superiority

32
Q

The ___________ War was between Athens and _________

A

The Peloponnesian War

Between Athens and Sparta

33
Q

What caused the The Peloponnesian War?

A

Being rich and mighty brought many powerful rivals, the greatest of which was Sparta, which wanted to end its dominance

34
Q

What did Spartans form?

A

Peloponnesian League

  • Sparta head of Peloponnesian League, allied city-states
  • Formed 500s BC, to provide protection, security for members
35
Q

What did the Peloponnesian League lead to?

A
  • Tensions built between Delian, Peloponnesian Leagues
  • Mutual fear led to war between Athens, Sparta
36
Q

What resulted from the conflict between the Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues

A

War

  • 431 BC, the Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues declared war
  • Lasted many years
37
Q

In the war between Athens and Sparta

_________ and allies dominated ______________________

Athens and allies dominated ________________

A

War in Greece

Sparta, allies dominated land;

Athens, allies dominated sea

38
Q

What was the course of War from 430 BC to 421 BC?

A

Plague and Peace

  • 430, 429 BC, plague struck Athens, changed course of war
  • Pericles dies
  • After plague, fighting heated up until truce in 421 BC
39
Q

Who eventually won?

Who surrended?

A

Sparta’s Victory

  • 415 BC, war broke out again,
  • Athens surrendered 404 BC
40
Q

What did Sparta try to do but failed to do for Greece?

A

After victory, Sparta’s army tried to act as Greece’s dominant power

Spartans could not keep control of Greece

41
Q

Who defeated Sparta?

Were they able to keep control?

A

City-state of Thebes defeated Sparta

could not maintain control either

42
Q

Who was the leader that took control of Greece?

A

340s BC, King Philip II of Macedonia, a Greek-speaking kingdom of the north, took control of all Greece.

43
Q

King Philip II of Macedonia was known as the father of ___________

A

Philip is mostly remembered for being the father of Alexander the Great

History Patterns - Unit 2 (26 decks)

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