Chap 5.3 Slides

Question 1

The word PHILOSOPHY comes from Greek word ________ meaning _________

Answer 1

The word philosophy itself comes from the Greek word philosophia, meaning “the love of wisdom.”

Question 2

• Earliest philosophy traced to _______ (when?)
• Reached height in _____ (where?) during ______ (when?)

Answer 2

• Earliest philosophy traced to 500s BC
• Reached height in Athens during 400s, 300s BC

Question 3

Who were the inspiration?

Name 3

Answer 3

•Inspired by greatest philosophers—Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Question 4

_______ was the First great Athenian philosopher

Answer 4

Socrates

Question 5

Who wrote all of Socrates’ ideas?

Answer 5

Plato wrote everything about Socrates.

•Writings give clear picture of Socrates’ thoughts and how he taught.

Question 6

What ideas were Socrates and Plato interested in?

Answer 6

Iterested in broad concepts of human life — truth, justice, virtue

Question 7

What was the Philosophy of Socrates about?

Answer 7

Asking Questions

• Socrates believed philosophers could learn what made good people, societies by asking questions
• Started with basic questions, like “What is truth?”
• Socrates followed up with more questions

Question 8

What was the Socratic Method?

Answer 8

• By working through series of questions, Socrates thought people could discover basic nature of life
• Could influence others through questions “the Socratic methods of questioning”
• Was sentenced to death for “corrupting” the youth of Athens

Question 9

_________ was Socrates’ student.

What did he do?

Answer 9

• One of Socrates’ students, became great philosopher
• Writings from nature of truth to ideal form of government

Question 10

What did Plato write?

What was it about?

Answer 10

The Republic argues that government should be led by philosophers, talk against democracy, argues for what is now communism

Question 11

What was Plato’s Theory of Government?

Answer 11

• Philosophers most qualified to make good decisions
• Did not support Athenian democracy in which all men could take part

Question 12

Plato was famous for this piece of writing ____________

What did Plato found?

Answer 12

Famous for his Allegory of the Cave

•Founded the Academy, which in Plato’s lifetime became most important site for Greek philosophers to do their work

Question 13

Who was the most famous student at the Academy?

Answer 13

Aristotle was among students who studied at the Academy

Would have equivalent of 7 PhDs today…

Question 14

Aristotle wrote about _______ and ________

Answer 14

Emphasis on Reason and Logic

•Reason, clear and ordered thinking; use reason to learn about world

Question 15

Who was Aristotle’s most famous student?

Answer 15

Was the teacher of Alexander the Great

Question 16

Aside from Reason, what was the other big idea that Aristotle wrote about?

Answer 16

Inferring New Facts

• Aristotle also helped develop field of logic, process of making inferences
• Example: birds have feathers, lay eggs; owls have feathers, lay eggs; therefore, owl must be a type of bird

Question 17

What is example of Aristotle’s logic reasoning?

Answer 17

Three spies, suspected as double agents, speak as follows when questioned:

John: “Nancy is the mole”
Nancy: “Derek is the mole”
Derek: “Nancy is lying”

Assuming that moles lie, other agents tell the truth, and there is just one mole among the three, determine who is the mole…

Answer: Nancy is the mole.

Both John and Derek are telling the truth. Hence, when John said, “Nancy is a mole”, he was telling the truth, and giving you the correct answer. When Nancy said, “Derek is a mole”, she was lying, as she is the mole. When Derek responded, “Nancy is lying”, he was telling the truth, and so affirming that Nancy was lying.

Question 18

Who was the First major Greek historian?

Answer 18

• Greek authors wrote about and analyzed own past
• First major Greek historian, Herodotus
• Lived in Greece during wars with Persia

Question 19

What were the primary sources of history writings?

Answer 19

Primary Sources

• Thucydides lived during Peloponnesian War, wrote about it
• Included primary sources, like speeches he heard delivered
• Looked at sources critically, ignored unreliable, irrelevant ones

Question 20

Greeks also wrote a new form of entertainment called ________

Answer 20

Drama

While the Greeks wrote stories to preserve the past, they created a new form of writing for entertainment—drama, the art of playwriting

Question 21

What was the source of these DRAMA?

Answer 21

Athenian Roots

• Earliest dramas part of festivals
• Dionysus, god of wine and celebration
• Group of actors called a chorus
• Recited stories

Question 22

What were the 2 forms of drama?

Answer 22

• Dramas became more complex
• Individual actors took on roles of specific characters in stories
• Two distinct forms of dramas developed, tragedy and comedy

Question 23

What did TRAGEDIES drama focus on?

Do you know 3 great writers?

Answer 23

• Focused on hardships faced by Greek heroes
• Three great writers

–Aeschylus, Greek myths

–Sophocles, suffering people brought on selves

–Euripides, tragedy brought on by chance, behavior

Question 24

What were Comedies?

What did these write about?

Answer 24

• Many comedies were satires, plays written to expose flaws of society
• Aristophanes greatest Greek comedy writer
• Plays poke fun at aspects of Athenian society, from government to treatment of women

Question 25

What did Greek Sculpture create?

Answer 25

Human Forms

• Greek sculptors among finest world has ever known
• Particularly adept at sculpting human form; studied people at rest, moving
• Paid particular attention to muscles

Question 26

What did Greek sculpture look like?

Answer 26

Lifelike, Not Realistic

• Greeks wanted statues to look lifelike, active, not necessarily realistic
• Portrayed subjects as physically perfect, without imperfections
• Greek statues almost all depict figures of great beauty, grace

Question 27

How do we know about Greek sculpture?

Answer 27

Roman Copies

• Few original works remain; most copies made a few hundred years later
• Roman artists made copies
• Many copies survived even after original statues destroyed

Question 28

Did Greek paintings survive?

What were Greek paintings like?

Answer 28

Painting

• Only a few original Greek paintings survive
• Best preserved are paintings on vases, plates
• Scenes from everyday life, or from myths, legends
• Most use only red, black

Question 29

What were larger Greek paintings about?

Answer 29

Larger Paintings

• Little evidence of larger works; written sources say Greeks created murals in many public buildings
• Often included scenes from Iliad, Odyssey
• Themes similar to tragic drama popular with Athenians