Chap 13.2 Slides Flashcards
Who were the fiercest invaders during the early Middle Ages?
invaders, the fiercest were the Vikings.
What were the origins of the Vikings?
Where did they come from?
- Vikings came from northern Europe
- Lived in Scandinavia
- agricultural
- fishers, farmers
What was a common problem for the Vikings in their homeland?
Food Shortages
- Though sea provided plenty of fish, soil not fertile
- Farmers had trouble growing enough grain
- Food shortages common problem
What was the goal of the Vikings?
- Viking leaders looked for new sources of food, wealth
- Decided to take what they needed from others
- Viking raids began
What were the Vikings really good at?
Sailing Skills
- Vikings superb ship builders, sailors
- Ships capable of withstanding heavy ocean waves; crews as many as 100
- Skills at navigation allowed crossing great expanses of ocean
Who were the first targets of the Vikings’ raid?
- First targets of raids England, northern France
- Later Vikings began raiding places farther from homeland
- Even inland locations were unsafe
How did the Vikings do their raid?
- People lived in fear, had no warning that Vikings were coming
- Fast-moving ships approached target quickly
- Vikings killed, captured defenders; took what they could find, sailed away
What were the Vikings favorite targets?
Why were these favorite targets?
- Among favorite Viking targets, monasteries
- Monks not warriors, monasteries easy to plunder
- Fine treasures, jeweled crosses, golden candlesticks stolen
- Vikings not Christians, had no problems stealing religious items
Where did the Vikings finally settle at?
- One place settled by Vikings, Iceland; first arrived late 700s
- 982, Viking explorers reached Greenland
- 100 years later, Leif Eriksson reached North America
What part of France did the Vikings also settle in?
Who worked out this settlement?
Viking warriors also settled in northern France
- Led by chief named Rollo, attacked France many times
- King of France made deal with Rollo
–Rollo to stop raids, defend Frankish lands against other Vikings
–King to give Rollo land
–Rollo accepted, area became known as Normandy
Who were the invaders from the East during the early Middle Ages?
The Magyars
What were The Magyars?
Nomads
- Magyars invaded from east
- Magyars nomads from central Asia who settled in what is now Hungary
- Fierce warriors
- horseback
- Planned raids carefully, attacking smaller settlements
Where did The Magyars raid?
Who finally ended the raids by the Magyars?
- Raided France, Germany, Italy, Byzantine Empire
- Mid-900s, German king Otto the Great crushed Magyar army, ending raids
Who else were conquering land during the early Middle Ages?
Where were they conquering?
The Muslims
Muslims first came to Europe in large numbers as conquerors.
Where did the Muslims come from?
Where did Muslims conquer?
- 711, Muslim army from North Africa conquered Spain
- Ruled Iberian Peninsula more than 700 years
