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History Patterns - Unit 2 > Chap 12.3 Slides > Flashcards

Chap 12.3 Slides Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the new kingdoms formed in the EAST and in the WEST of Europe following the fall of Rome?

A

Following the fall of Rome: East, the Byzantine Empire flourished. In the West, Germanic groups established many small kingdoms

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2
Q

Who established kingdoms that ended in Britain?

A
  • Angles, Saxons among Germanic peoples establishing kingdoms in Europe
  • 400s, migrated to Britain
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3
Q

How did Christianity spread in England?

A

•Late 500s, group of monks led by Augustine of Canterbury arrived in kingdom of Kent

  • Christianity Slowly Spread
  • Named Archbishop of Canterbury
  • Christianity spread through England
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4
Q

What threatened independence of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms?

A
  • Remained independent for several centuries
  • Threat arose that forced them to band together
  • Danes (Denmark) invaded northern England, began to march south
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5
Q

Who was Alfred the Great?

A
  • Anglo-Saxons united under Alfred the Great
  • Under Alfred, Anglo-Saxon defeats Danes
  • Later Alfred recognized as ruler of all England
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6
Q

What were Alfred the Great’s accomplishments?

A
  • As king, Alfred reorganized army, issued own code of laws
  • Greatest achievement, establishing system of schools for adults, children
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7
Q

Who formed kingdom in Germany?

Who was their leader?

A

The Franks

  • 400s, another Germanic kingdom established in former Roman province of Gaul, modern France
  • Led by king named Clovis
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8
Q

Which group became a major power in western Europe?

A
  • 496, Clovis, 3,000 Franks baptized in massive public ceremony
  • Franks became major power in western Europe
  • 800s, height of Frankish power, led by Charlemagne
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9
Q

What turned western Europe into a Christian society?

A

•Conversion of Anglo-Saxons, Franks helped make western Europe into largely Christian society

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10
Q

Why was Christianity appealing to many Europeans?

A

–Period known as Middle Ages, or medieval times

–Many people’s lives filled with suffering and hardship

–Christianity offered comfort, promise of happy afterlife, sense of community

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11
Q

Who helped spread of Christianity?

A

Missionaries

  • Many Europeans want to share beliefs with others
  • Some became missionaries
  • many went to new lands to spread Christian beliefs
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12
Q

Who was the most famous Missionary that spread Christianity in Ireland?

A
  • Among most famous, Patrick
  • Went to Ireland in 400s; faced opposition, hostility, but continued to preach
  • At time of death around 460, nearly all Ireland was Christian
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13
Q

What linked western Europe together?

A

•Through missionary work, Christian society, Christendom, linked most western Europe

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14
Q

At this time, did POPES have authority?

A

•Early in Middle Ages, most popes had little authority

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15
Q

Who helped strengthen the Papacy (the POPES)?

A
  • Lack of authority ended with Gregory the Great
  • Gregory the Great worked to change views of papacy, increase influence
  • Gregory thought, as successor to Peter, pope should be supreme patriarch of church
  • strengthen papacy
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16
Q

What were Gregory’s Reforms?

A
  • Encouraged missionary work and monasticism, separation from society
  • Encouraged people to care for poor, less fortunate
17
Q

What gained popularity in the early Middle Ages?

A

Monks and Monasteries

  • Gregory the Great increased emphasis on monasticism
  • Believed monks played important role in church

Monasticism gained popularity in the early Middle Ages

18
Q

How were different interpretations resolved?

A

Written Explanations

•To prevent, resolve conflicts, influential theologians wrote explanations to set forth church’s official positions

19
Q

How was Christianity interpreted by different people?

A
  • As Christianity spread through diverse populations, people interpreted faith in different ways
  • Debates arose over questions like humanity, divinity of Jesus
20
Q

What was Monasticism?

A
  • Lived alone as hermits, or in small groups
  • During Middle Ages, new form of monasticism developed
21
Q

Who was the most influential of medieval theologians?

A

•Most influential of medieval theologians, Augustine of Hippo

22
Q

What were Monasteries?

A
  • Groups of monks lived in monasteries, abided by strict code of rules
  • Two monastic forms common in Europe in early Middle Ages: Benedictine,

Celtic

23
Q

How did Benedictine monasticism begin?

A
  • Benedict of Nursia lived in Italy early 500s
  • Son of Roman noble, abandoned city to become hermit

–Inspired others to live as he did

–529, establish monastery with himself as first abbot

24
Q

What did Benedict monks vow to do?

A

In time other monasteries adopted Benedict’s teachings as guidelines

Vows of poverty, obedience

25
Q

•\What were the guidelines for monks, called Benedictine Rule?

A
  • Based on daily schedule; prayer, labor. Reading, translating, copying Bible
  • Organization of Benedictine Order

–Each monastery a distinct entity

–No central authority

–Each run by abbot chosen by monks, or local noble

26
Q

What contributions did the Benedictine Monks make to Europe?

A
  • Monks ran schools, trained finest minds of Middle Ages
  • Copied ancient manuscripts, helped preserve knowledge of Greece, Rome
27
Q

How did Monasteries become centers of wealth and power?

A

–Kings, nobles donated money, gifts in exchange for prayers said on their behalf

–As they became wealthier, monasteries became political

–Many monks acted as advisers, aides to local, national rulers in Europe

28
Q

Where did Celtic Monasteries begin?

A

Ireland

29
Q

How did the Celtic Monasteries compare to Benedictine Monasteries?

A
  • Celtic monks more severe, than Benedictines
  • Fasted and spent days in solitary contemplation
  • Built monasteries on small islands to separate monks, rest of society; believed isolation helped focus on faith
30
Q

How did the Celtic Abbots gain authority?

A
  • Led by abbots with more authority than Benedictine counterparts
  • Since Ireland had no large cities, people looked to abbots of local monasteries for spiritual guidance
31
Q

What were the achievements of the Celtic Monks?

A

Scholars, Missionaries

•Lindisfarne Gospels among greatest artistic achievements of Middle Ages

32
Q

What was Augustine’s writings about?

Whose ideas did he base it on?

What was Augustine’s most famous work?

A

Used Ideas of Plato

•Augustine’s writings helped shape Christian doctrine for centuries

•City of God: people should pay less attention to material world than to God’s plan for world, heaven or purgatory, predestination, and original sin

History Patterns - Unit 2 (26 decks)

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