Chap 14.4 Slides Flashcards
What was the trouble in Europe in 1346?
Why was this a big problem?
Religious Crises
In 1346, Europe faced challenges to its religious, political and social order.
Since Christianity tied most Europeans together, religious crises were a grave threat to all society.
Beliefs that were against the Church were called _________
- Heresy, beliefs that opposed official teachings of church
- Heretical beliefs began increasing in Europe, 1100s
- Spread throughout medieval society
What did heresy do to European society?
What was heresy about?
Alarm
- Most people remained faithful
- Heretics de-emphasized role of clergy, sacraments
What did heresy threaten?
Order
- Heresy threatened social order in church
- Heretical beliefs frightened religious officials
- Determined to stop spread of heresy
What was the main method to fight heresy?
•Inquisitions primary method of fighting heresy
How were heretics tried?
- Legal procedures supervised by special judges who tried heretics
- Accused came before court, local authorities punished guilty parties
What kind of people spread Christian teachings?
•Members of orders, friars, spread Christian teachings among people
What were the other means of fighting heresy?
- Francis of Assisi, Dominic of Osma, created new religious orders
- Pope Innocent III called for crusade against heretics in southern France, 1208; spent 20 years trying to eliminate heretics there
What was the other trouble with the Church at this time?
The Papacy in Dispute (popes fighting)
What was the political fighting in Rome in 1309?
–Pope forced to flee to Avignon, southern France
–Next several popes also lived at Avignon
What were the 100 years of papacy in dispute?
–70 years later, Pope Gregory XI returned to Rome
–Upon his death, disagreement over new pope; two claimed power, one in Rome, one in Avignon
–Council of Pisa tried to settle dispute, created third claim to office
–Conflict unresolved, three popes reigned in Europe for 40 years
Why were there wars and conflict in the Middle Ages?
Who did these wars involve?
Wars were also being fought so political leaders could gain power for themselves.
The two most violent involved the kings of England
What was the Hundred Years’ War?
- French king died without son, 1328
- King Edward III of England, nearest living relative
- English wanted Edward to rule both countries
- French did not want English king, favored French regent
Who were the 2 sides in the Hundred Years’ War?
- Regent crowned as King Philip VI of France, decision did not please English
- King Edward III of England invaded France, 1337
- began Hundred Years’ War
Which side won victories?
•English won many victories
–Used better weapons
–Moved deeper into France
–Under Henry V, advanced to gates of Paris
