Chap 5.4 Slides

Question 1

Who becomes King in classical Greece?

Answer 1

Alexander Becomes King

King Philip of Macedonia was killed after annoucing his newborn son from new wife would be king instead of Alexander….

• Alexander only 20, becomes new king
• Learned warfare and politics from father, mother, and Aristotle

Question 2

What were Alexander’s Conquests?

Answer 2

• Alexander faced almost immediately with revolts in Greece
• Set out to reestablish control
• Used harsh measures to show rebellion not tolerated
• Crushed Theban army and sold people into slavery, burned city

Question 3

With ______(where?) under control,

Alexander decided to ______ (do what?)

Answer 3

With Greece under control, Alexander decided to build empire.

Question 4

In ____ (when?), where did Alexander invade to build empire?

Answer 4

In 334 BC, Alexander led army into Asia to take on Persians

Question 5

How did Alexander’s army compare to Persian army?

Answer 5

• Alexander’s army relatively small, but well trained, very loyal.
• Persian army huge, but disorganized

Question 6

What was Alexander’s first victory?

Answer 6

•Within one year Alexander’s army had won victory against Persians in Asia Minor

Question 7

Where was Alexander’s next campaign after Asia Minor?

How was Alexander received?

Answer 7

•Moved south to Phoenicia, Egypt;

welcomed as liberator, named new pharaoh

Question 8

What was Alexander’s next campaign after Egypt

What happened to the existing emperor?

Answer 8

•Next destroyed Persian army near Gaugamela, in what is now Iraq;

caused Emperor Darius III to flee

Question 9

With defeat of _____(WHO?), Alexander became _______(what?)

Answer 9

With defeat of Darius, Alexander the master of Persian world

Question 10

What did Alexander’s army do to show his victory?

Answer 10

•Troops marched to Persepolis, a Persian capital, burned it to ground as sign of victory

Question 11

Was Alexander satisfied with size of empire?

What did he do next?

Answer 11

•But Alexander not satisfied with size of empire

–Led army deeper into Asia, winning more victories

–Led army to the Indus, perhaps to conquer India

Question 12

How did Alexander’s soldiers after all these campaigns?

Answer 12

–Soldiers had had enough, refused to proceed farther from home

–Alexander forced to turn back to west

Question 13

What event was considered end of the Greek empire?

Answer 13

Alexander dies at 33

•Alexander’s empire largest world had ever seen

Question 14

What happened after Alexander’s death?

Answer 14

Power Struggle

•Generals fought each other for power.

In the end, the empire was divided among three most powerful generals

Question 15

Who were the 3 kings that ruled after?

Where did they rule?

Answer 15

–Antigonus became king of Macedonia and Greece

–Seleucus ruled Persian Empire

–Ptolemy ruled Egypt

Question 16

What was Alexander’s lasting achievement?

He created a new culture called ________

Answer 16

By bringing together a number of diverse peoples in his empire, Alexander created a new culture named

Hellenistic, or Greek like

Question 17

How did Alexander blend cultures?

Answer 17

• Alexander brought people, ideas together
• Married two Persian princesses
• Encouraged soldiers to marry Persians as well

Question 18

How did Alexander create new cities?

Answer 18

• Appointed officials from various cultures to help rule
• Built new cities, encouraged settlers to move into them

Question 19

What was the most famous city?

Where was location?

Why was this an ideal location?

Answer 19

•Alexandria, Egypt

• Located at mouth of Nile, where it met Mediterranean
• Ideal location for trade, once busiest city in world

Question 20

Where was center of learning?

Answer 20

• Library of Alexandria contained works on philosophy, literature, history, sciences. Rumored to store writings of Plato & Aristotle.
• Some historians believe it is under the Egyptian Sphinx…

Question 21

What was the importance of Alexandria?

What was happening in this city?

Answer 21

Trading Centers

• Alexandria one of largest trading centers,
• Cities in Egypt, Persia, Central Asia trading centers for Africa, Arabia, India
• Traders brought back goods, new ideas and teachings

Question 22

What was life in the Hellenistic World?

City-states replaced by ______

Greek democracy replaced by ________

Answer 22

• City-state no longer main political unit, replaced by kingdom
• Traditional Greek democracy gave way to monarchy

Question 23

What was life like for women in Hellenistic World?

Answer 23

• Women had few rights in earlier Greek city-states
• Lives began to improve after Alexander, though women still not equal to men
• Gained rights to receive education, own property

Question 24

What were advances in philosophy in Hellenistic World?

Answer 24

• New schools of philosophy developed in Alexander’s empire
• One called Cynicism; students rejected pleasure, wealth, social responsibility

People live according to nature

Question 25

What was the most influential school of philosophy?

Answer 25

The most influential new school was Stoicism, with emphasis on reason, self-discipline, emotional control and personal morality. Stoics believed people should find their proper role in society and fulfill it.

Question 26

What did the Epicureans believe in?

Answer 26

• People should seek pleasure, considered good; try to avoid pain, considered evil
• To find pleasure, develop close friendships with people who share similar ideas

Question 27

How did Art and literature change during Hellenistic Period

Answer 27

• Hellenistic artists learned to convey emotion, movement in works, especially sculpture
• Women became much more common as subject of art, literature

Question 28

Who were some of the Greeks that made advances in Science and Technology?

Answer 28

• Euclid formulated many ideas about geometry we still learn about today
• Eratosthenes, who calculated size of the world
• Archimedes, one of world’s greatest inventors, used knowledge of math, physics to create devices