Ch.9 Flashcards
4 main types of sprinkler systems:
- Wet pipe systems
- Dry pipe systems
- Deluge systems
- Preaction systems
According to NFPA, about ____ % of fires in sprinkled buildings are either extinguished by sprinklers or held in check until FD.
96%
Valve that controls the flow of water from the domestic water supply system and/or on-site fire pumps:
Main control valve
The main control valve is an ____________
indicating valve
- Should always be chained or locked open
- Located under the sprinkler alarm valve.
Main control valave
Most common type of main water control valve:
Outside screw and yoke (OS&Y)
Outside Screw and Yoke Valve:
- stem is visibly outside of the valve, valve is open
- stem is not visible, valve is closed
- Valve has no visible stem, it is inside post
- has window with movable target with words OPEN and SHUT
- Operating handle is attached and secured on the side of the post
Post Indicator Valve (PIV)
The Post Indicator Valve has words ______ and _____
OPEN and SHUT
This valve protrudes horizontally from a structures wall
Wall post indicator valve (WPIV)
Stopcock Valves are for both _______ and ________
- system drainage
- alarm silencing
Globe Valves are used for ________ and _________
- system drainage
- test valves
- manually operated
- Non-indicating type
_______ and ______ ensure the water can flow in only one direction.
Check valve or clapper valve
_________ are used to drain the sprinkler system automatically once the pressure on the system has been relieved.
Automatic drain valve
___________ is used to simulate actuation of the sprinkler system to ensure it is working properly.
Alarm Test Valve or Inspector Test Valve
- Common in ALL sprinkler systems
- This drain piping and valve combination is used to drain the system to replace heads
- To conduct system repairs
- To test the system
Main Drain
The water flow alarm indicates water flow and is activated either ______ or ________
hydraulically or electronically
Water movement within the system drives the alarm water gong in a __________
hydraulic alarm
*Local alarm used to alert building personnel of passerby of water flow in the buildings system
When water movement presses against a diaphragm that activates a switch to operate the alarm
Electronic Alarm
*can be local or connected to a monitoring company
Every sprinkler system must have a water supply that is ________, _______, and ________
- Reliable
- Automatic
- Of adequate volume and pressure
Every sprinkler system must be able to provide a minimal residual pressure of ____ psi to the HIGHEST and FARTHEST sprinkler head.
15 psi
The water supply for sprinkler systems can be provided from the ________, _________, or _________
- Domestic water supply
- Gravity tanks
- pressure tanks
An indication that a fire pump is present is a __________, which looks like a wall hydrant with multiple 2 1/2” outlets that are used for testing the fire pump.
Test Heaader
The number of outlets on a Test Header is determined by _____________
Required flow for occupancy
The fire department should connect an engine to the FDC to:
- supplement the system
- serve as an auxiliary water source
- Increase the water pressure or volume of sprinkler system
When the FD connects to the FDC, it must make sure to pull its water supply from:
a different source than the one supplying the sprinkler system so as not to take water away from activated system.
On sprinkler systems with a single riser:
- FDC connected to sprinkler side of system
- If main water control valve were closed, only way to stop flow of sprinkler would be to shut down lines from engine supplying system
On systems with multiple risers:
- FDC connected to supply side of system
- Flow can be controlled by shutting down main water control valve
________ in the piping ensures that through the FDC the domestic supply cannot be contaminated or back-pressured and no harm caused to gravity or pressure tanks.
Check valves
FDC has _______ that allow the system to be supplied with only one line from an engine.
Clapper valve
With clapper valves, water back flowing out of second FDC is prevented and ________________
second line can be added later in operation
The FDC for sprinkler systems should be marked. There must be some type of sign, letters stamped into connection, or other visual indicator that the connection is from the sprinkler system, and if ________________
the system is broken into more than one zone, and which zone it supplies
- Sprinkler system constantly has water throughout the system
- Water in system is kept under pressure so that when sprinkler head activates, water immediately begins to flow from head, thus activating the water flow alarm.
Wet Pipe Sprinkler Systems
A dry pipe sprinkler system has no water in the system beyond the __________
check valve
System has no water in the system beyond the check valve. The system replaces water with air that is under pressure to keep water from entering the system until a sprinkler head is activated:
Dry Pipe Sprinkler System
_________ are typically used in buildings wi which the water in the piping could freeze sue to insufficient heating capabilities or exposure of some piping to outside elements.
Dry Pipe Sprinkler systems
In this system, once head is activated, air begins to flow out of the open head, which in turn reduces the air pressure holding the water back, allowing water to enter the system
Dry Pipe Sprinkler System
Many dry pipe systems utilize ________ or _______ to speed up the process.
- Accelerators
- Exhausters
_________ system is basically set up the same as a dry pipe system but incorporates separate additional alarm equipment.
A Preaction Sprinkler System
________ are typically used in locations where water damage must be prevented.
Preaction Sprinkler System
Piping is dry and fills once separate additional alarm detection equipment is activated. After system fills with water, sprinkler head still needs heat to activate. Once water begins to to flow, an alarm is activated and sounds to provide warning prior to activation of sprinkler head:
Preaction System
Both ______ and _____ sprinkler systems are similar to dry pipe systems but incorporate separate additional alarm equipment.
- Preaction
- Deluge
- Same as dry pipe system
- Used in locations where occupancy is extra hazardous
- Heads are ALL open
- Water discharges from all open heads at once
Deluge Sprinkler System
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One or Two Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes
NFPA 13D
________ are not required to have an FDC for the fire department use.
Residential Systems
For a residential system it is imperative that the system be pumped at ______________
Whatever the standard domestic pressure is
*System piping is made of copper or PVC
_______ connections are basically an extension of the discharge outlet of a fire engine.
Standpipe
Standpipe Systems are divided into 3 classes:
Class I - For use by Fire Departments and those trained in handling heavy fire streams
Class II - For use by building occupants
Class III - For use by Fire Department and those trained in heavy hose streams, or by building occupant
______ system must have a water supply adequate to flow 500 gpm for at least 30 min.
Class I
Class I standpipe system must provide a minimum residual pressure of ____ psi at highest/farthest outlet while flowing required 500 GPM.
65 psi
Class I standpipe systems that require more than 1 standpipe riser, the system is still required to flow 500 GPM for at least 30 min for the first standpipe in the system, and each additional standpipe must follow a minimum of ____ GPM for at least ____ min.
- 250 GPM
- 30 min
Class I systems would be required during _____ stages
Class II systems used by occupants trying to control fire in ____ stage
- advanced stages
- incipient stages
Class II systems must have a water supply adequate to flow _____ GPM for at least 30 min.
-Minimum residual must be ____ at highest/farthest
- 100 gpm
- 65 psi while flowing 100 GPM
The Class III system must be capable of flowing ________________
same required minimums as Class I system
Occupancies are removing hose from Class II and Class III systems and replacing it with the appropriate standard _______
fire extinguisher
Specifically in Class III systems __________ can be found.
pressure-reducing devices
Pressure Reducing devices:
- resemble a washer
- some manual control valves
- manual valve has pin or collar that restrict operation
Any standpipe systems that have flow pressures of ____ psi or more should be tagged or marked.
150 psi
Standpipe systems can be either wet or dry systems and are broken down into _____ types.
4
Wet standpipe system:
- water throughout system at all times
- When outlet opened, water immediately flows
Dry standpipe system under no air pressure:
- under no air pressure
- must be activated by manual operation of a valve at beginning of system by remote control located at each standpipe outlet
Dry standpipe system filled with air under pressure:
-When standpipe connection is opened, air is allowed to escape the system while water enters
Dry standpipe system that has no water supply:
Water must be supplied by the fire department.
The installation, maintenance, and minimum requirements of standpipe systems are covered within ________
NFPA 14
NFPA 14 mandates that standpipe systems be limited to a maximum height of _______ ft
275 ft
When a structure is higher than 275 ft, an additional zone or zones must be installed, however no 2 zones are allowed to exceed a height of ______
550 ft
________ standpipe systems also have an FDC so the fire department can support the system.
Class I and Class III
The FDC must be of the ______ type.
Female
*although many have mandated 5-inch stortz
The FDC must be designated as a standpipe FDC by the use of stamped letters on the connection itself or by _____________
some type of metal plate or disc that says the word standpipe
Fire department connections should be clearly marked _______ or _______
standpipe or sprinkler
*some mandate color coded
Fire Department Connection Color Coding Red: Green: Silver: Yellow:
Red: Standpipe system
Green: Automatic Sprinkler System
Silver: Non-automatic sprinkler system
Yellow: Combination sprinkler and standpipe system
Specialized Extinguishing Systems usually activate and exhaust their respective agent _____ to the arrival of FD
prior
_______ and _______ agent types of extinguishing agents are typically found in computer rooms, spray booths, areas of intricate electrical equipment, or flammable liquid storage.
- Carbon dioxide
- Halogenated
- Useful to extinguish without causing water damage
Carbon Dioxide system:
- works by diluting air in room to displace oxygen
- potential for fire to flashback to life
- Not very effective at extinguishing smoldering fire
- Main hazard to FF is it DILUTES OXYGEN
____________ works by interfering with and interrupting the chemical chain reaction of fire.
Halogenated extinguishing agents
Halon (Halogenated agent):
- contains carbon and (bromine, chlorine, fluorine, iodine)
- Used in very low concentrations
- Main hazard associated is potential for TOXICITY
- *and oxygen displacement
Dry Chemical Systems:
- used for flammable liquid/gas, grease, electrical equip.
- Commercial kitchens, cooktops
- Interrupt chemical chain reaction
- leaves powdery residue
- Main hazard is LIMITED VISIBILITY and RESPIRATORY IRRITATION
The Wet Chemical System has an extra ability of ______________
removing the fuel by coating it
________ have become the new NFPA standard for fire protection of cooking surfaces.
Class K extinguishing system
Class K is a subclass of Class _______
Class B
- They leave no residue and do not harm computers or electrical equipment.
- Extinguishing agent may be FE-36 or Centrimax ABC 40
- Effective for class A, B, and C fires
- Considered nontoxic, nonconductive, and ecologically safe.
Clean Agents
Clean agents may be ______ or ______
- FE-36
- Centrimax ABC 40
In a sprinkled building, an activated system will disrupt the ________, making visibility very low to almost zero
Thermal Balance
In general, a high-rise kit should be capable of flowing at least _____ GPM
250 GPM
Equipment for high-rise kit:
- Water their or gated Y
- Spanner wrench
- Pipe wrench
- Hand wheel
- smooth bore nozzle
- Door wedges
- Hand tools
The standpipe connection should always be made on the _____________
floor below the fire floor
The easiest way to advance the hose from the stairwell would be to flake the hose _________________
Up the stairs to the floor above the fire floor, so gravity can assist you
