Ch.10 Flashcards
Terminology used to describe the required functions, the fire apparatus, the tools and equipment carried on it, and mostly important, the number of trained personnel:
Company
The basic building block of every fire department:
Engine Company
What is the engine companies primary function:
supply the water to extinguish the fire
Minimum requirements for a pumper fire apparatus from NFPA 1901, Class A Pumper:
- min water tank 300 gallons
- at least 30 cuft. for 2 1/2” compartment
- 2 compartments of at least 3.5 cuft. for 1 1/2” or larger
- Minimum pump size of 750 GPM
Size up starts with what:
receipt of the alarm, or before the alarm comes in
Sends pre-entered building data over the mobile data computer (MDC) while crews are en route to an alarm:
Critical Information Dispatch System (CIDS)
_______ water is useful for some vehicle fires, some small brush fires, and other small, outside fires.
Booster Tank
Water sources such as lakes, pools, or ponds:
Static sources
Engine Companies have 3 options when laying hose lines to move water:
- Forward Lay
- Reverse Lay
- Split Lay
(Referred to as a driveway lay) combination of two methods; engine drops supply line at corner of driveway
Split Lay
In areas where hydrants are not readily available and a static source is being used, the options available:
- drafting
- Water tender shuttles
Installed by developers to meet various flow requirements. Are essentially hard suction tubes that are piped into nearby static water source:
Dry Hydrants
Water Tenders may carry water in amounts from _____ to ______.
1000 to 8000 gallons
Tender Delivery Rate (TDR):
-Flow requirements are calculated
-Time it takes tender to may entire cycle in calculated
(The cycle is time it takes to dump, return to static source, fill with water, and return to scene.)
-Allows IC to determine how many similar-sized tenders are needed.
Tenders with ______ affect the rotation in terms of refill and offload times.
differing capacities
1 1/2” or 1 3/4” hose line can be handled easily by ____ fire fighters; make it the line of choice.
2
1 3/4” hose line with solid-bore nozzle is capable of flowing approx. _____ GPM at a nozzle pressure of 50 psi.
180 GPM
2 1/2” hose line operated at 50 psi nozzle pressure is capable of flowing approx. ______, almost double
320 GPM
________ starts with the information provided on receipt of the alarm.
Locating the fire
3 basic steps in fire suppression:
- Locating
- Confining
- Extinguishing
A ________ fire is one that displays high smoke volume and pressure (incomplete combustion).
vent-controlled
A ________ fire is one that is growth limited by the supply of combustibles. Fully involved fires.
fuel-controlled
2nd step in fire suppression- Action taken to prevent fire spread from one room to another or building to another:
Confining
*ex. closing a door
Tool that can be used to draw fire, heat, and smoke up and out of the fire building:
Vertical Ventilation
Final Step in fire suppression: Includes putting out all visible flames and any hidden pockets of fire.
Extinguishment
The search for concealed fire areas and eventual total extinguishment is called ___________
Overhauling
2 important basic functions of an engine company:
- Getting a hose line in operation
- Obtaining an adequate water supply
Proper operation of the hose line is the _________ responsibility.
Officers
Ideally the officer should be in a position that allows him to:
- ensure safety of company
- direct fire control activities
- provide updates to command
- communicate with other fire companies
Before entering a door to a fire area, all fire fighters should remain down and low and should be:
on the same side of the hose line and on the same side of the doorway opening
Fire personnel should regard every opening they make, or that has occurred by fire growth, as a _______
vent opening
Never advance into a fire apartment without a _________
charged hose line
The nozzle should be opened and operated in a:
- clockwise direction
- Z pattern
Operating a nozzle in a Z pattern sweeps:
- Ceiling Area
- Room Area
- Floor Area
Unless directing the stream on a localized fire, the hose line should be operated _______________
Overhead and In Front of the nozzle team
Smoke, heat, and fire conditions are minimal:
Incipient Stage
The _______ fire produces tremendous amounts of heat and heavy fire conditions.
Free-burning stage
In the free burning stage, rooms adjacent to the fire area may be at the point of ______, which is the third stage.
Flashover (third stage)
The final stage of fire when the fire has passed through the stages and due to lack of oxygen, the fire burns itself out, yet dangerously high levels of heat and flammable gases remain.
Smoldering or Decay stage
In the Smoldering or Decay stage, ________ must precede forcible entry.
Vertical ventilation
Firefighters must view smoke as _______
Fuel
When the tactical method of extinguishment involves ______ , ventilation is critical and proper timing is needed.
fog nozzle
2 basic TYPES of Ventilation:
2 basic METHODS of Ventilation:
Types: Vertical and Horizontal Ventilation
Methods: Natural and Mechanical Ventilation
There are 3 basic ways to get to a Roof:
- an adjoining building
- an aerial or ladder tower
- Rear fire escape
What usually dictates the best way to get to the roof:
The type of building
In large multiple dwellings or apartment houses, the preferred method of getting to the roof is via ______________
- an adjoining building
- an aerial or tower ladder
- Rear fire escape
____________ stop at the top floor and do not go all the way to the roof. The preferred choice in this situation would be using an adjacent building.
Front fire escapes or fire escapes facing a street
If the fire building is ISOLATED, then _______ is the preferred method of getting to the roof.
Aerial or tower ladder
Getting to the rear of a large building to use the fire escape is both difficult and time-consuming, making it ____________
The least preferred method
If the fire is in a smaller building, the preferred way to get to the roof is via ______________
Aerial or tower ladder
The ________ of a fire building are to be avoided in getting to the roof.
Interior Stairs
When do interior stairs have to be used?
In high-rise or an isolated building above the reach of ladders
The first thing the roof division must consider when getting on the roof is _____________
A way of getting off the roof
Firefighters on the roof must inform the Incident Commander of conditions at the roof level such as:
- Visible fire and smoke, color and volume
- Location of shafts
- Paths of fire extension
- Persons in immediate distress
After forcing open a bulkhead or other interior entrance to the roof, the bulkhead landing and stairs should be probed with ______________ to check for the presence of overcome occupants, particularly if the bulkhead was found locked form the interior.
blunt end of a 6 ft pike pole
Scuttle covers can be removed with _____________
Conventional hand tools
If scuttle covers have been tarred over a _______ may be necessary.
saw with a carbide tip blade
After removing the glass of a skylight, a 6 ft pike pole should be used to check for the presence of a __________
Draft stop
Secondary Roof procedures involve roof-cutting operations with power tools. This operation would take place:
- Top-floor fires
- fires involving cockloft or attics
- fires in single-story structures
Operations that involve power tools should take place after _________________
Primary roof procedures (using existing openings)
When cutting a hole in the roof it should be what size:
4ft x 4ft
Roof fire fighters should use the following reliable signs to locate a fire:
- Melted snow
- Steam on wet roof
- Bubbling tar
- Soft areas of roof
- sense of touch
- Looking over the roofs edge
- Visible location of the fire
Fire fighters should not be committed to roof operations in _______ and _______
- vacant buildings
- heavy fire conditions
These roofs can ignite and spread fire rapidly across the entire roof:
Membrane Roofs
- These roofs fail rapidly and easily absorb moisture
- If a white paste is observed on the saw blade, fire fighters should immediately notify IC and evacuate roof.
Gypsum Roofs
Horizontal Ventilation is usually performed when:
AFTER the engine company’s hose line is stretched, charged and ready to begin the fire attack.
If horizontal ventilation is performed prematurely, it could lead to rapid extension of the fire and possible _________
Autoextension
What 2 products effectively insulate a structure:
- Polystyrene Foam
- thermal pane windows
When fire fighters VENT FOR FIRE they are:
facilitating the engine company’s advance into the fire area
When fire fighter VENT FOR LIFE they are:
Doing so to enter an IDLH area where there is a known or suspected victim
A _______ is the movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure within a fire building to all other lower pressure areas, both within and outside the fire building.
Flow Path
In the case of wind-impacted fires, the initial tactic may be to:
- deploy a thermal blanket from floor above before advancing onto fire floor.
- OR, deploying a high-rise nozzle from the floor BELOW the fire
The flow path at the bottom of an opening allows ____________
The flow path at the top of the opening allows ____________
- Air to enter the fire area
- fre, heat, and smoke to ventilate out of the fire area
Studies have shown that every opening made during fire operations:
- create a new flow path
- have an impact on existing flow paths
Involves opening doors, windows, skylights,bulkheads, and any other opening with no assistance form any fire personnel:
Natural Ventilation
Means to remove smoke from a structure with the assistance of mechanical equipment such as smoke ejectors, PPV Fans, HVAC systems, and Fog stream hose lines:
Mechanical Ventilation
To accomplish mechanical ventilation with a fog nozzle, the nozzle team stands ________ from window and directs stream, roughly the size of the window, out the window.
6 - 8 feet
With the use of _______, smoke can be pulled from structure to the outside atmosphere.
exhaust fan
The potential drawback to PPV is that there is a good possibility of:
pushing smoke and fire into uninvolved areas of the building, possible extending the fire or endangering occupants
Searches should be broken down into 2 stages:
Primary Search: immediate search for trapped occupants; performed quickly but thoroughly
Secondary Search: defined as meticulously thorough search by a DIFFERENT group of FF
The ______ performed by the IC is part of the size-up. The time of day, building occupancy, and info available should be evaluated.
Risk Analysis
Searchers should work toward __________
an alternate means of escape
When searching the fire area:
FF proceed to seat of fire and start search at this point, working their way back toward the door they entered.
When searching floors above fire, the search should be initiated ___________
immediately upon entering the door
In all cases should search ______________ immediately for overcome victims.
behind the front door
________ could indicate a utility closet or elevator shaft.
Outward-opening doors
When searching, the primary way out is __________
The way entry was made
Hinges on the outside of door indicate __________
Outward-opening doors
Quick way to force an inward-opening door is to place a Halligan tool ___________________
6 inches above or below the lock, with the bevel side of the fork against door, slightly angled up or down.
*Tool is pushed toward the door
If multiple locks are found, place the tool __________
between the locks
When attacking the hinge side of the door, attack the ______ first
Top hinge
______ pumps of the hydraulic ram will force most INWARD-OPENING doors
4 - 6 pumps
_________ are usually indicative of doors to commercial occupancies, elevators, and closets.
Outward-opening doors
For outward-opening door the _____ end of the Halligan can be driven in ______________
- ADZ End
- above or below the lock
- force the tool down and out
Padlocks can be attacked at either ______, ______, or _______
- staple
- shackle
- point of attachment
- Weakest link should be attacked
Toe and Heel padlocks require _________
Both shackles to be cut
______ and ______ can be used to pop the shackles of a padlock.
Duck Bill and Ax
A pipe wrench placed across ______ and twisted will snap shackles of padlock.
both shackles
Double-hung windows should be opened _______ form the top and _____ from the bottom.
- 2/3 from top
- 1/3 from bottom
At a minimum ______ ladder must be extended to watch floor on which fire fighters are operating.
One ladder
The preferred ladder is an __________
extension ladder
Aerial and tower ladders should be positioned for ___________
maximum coverage
_________ provides an excellent platform to perform ventilation and search and rescue and to apply a large-caliber elevated stream.
Tower ladder
_______ is performed to expose hidden pockets of fire and prevent reignition.
Overhaul
Overhaul is performed during _________
Entire fire operation
Overhaul can be broken down into 2 stages:
-Pre control: pulling ceilings, examining baseboards, and shafts to determine the fires path of travel and location.
Performed under adverse conditions
-Post Control: performed under favorable conditions after the fire is under control. Meticulous
The intent for overhaul is to work from _______ to _____
from charred areas back toward clean areas
Indiscriminate overhauling can cause:
Unnecessary damage and hardship to the buildings occupant
_________ duties involve saving possessions in danger of being damaged by fire, smoke, and water. They begin with the fire fighters arrival on scene and continue until fire department operations have concluded.
Salvage
Salvage is usually a function of the ________
Ladder company
Monetary Reasons for Salvage:
- Keep insurance rates sown
- Keeps buildings occupied
- Avoids need for occupants to relocate
- Keeps repair costs down
Professional Reasons for Salvage:
- Prevents unnecessary hardships to owners
- Gives fire service appearance of professionalism
- Satisfies ethical obligation to the community
- Creates feeling of satisfaction
Considerations for apparatus placement:
- Apparatus capabilities
- SOP’s
- Prearranged SOG for staging
- Order from Incident Commander
- Placement based on pre-plan
- overhead hazards
Engine companies should be placed to allow room for aerial trucks to access _____ of structure.
Front
Ladder companies should be placed to allow the ladder to have most __________
most versatility
Aerial trucks should be placed in order to obtain _________
best scrub area
Keep apparatus out of collapse zone and ___________
close to corners as possible
Portable ladders should be placed on ______________
as many sides as possible, minimum one ladder to each floor
When fire spreads from floor to floor as a result of the fire coming out of a window and into the window above
Autoextension (autoexposure)
A hookup to a fire hydrant designed to supply the full volume of the pump
Capacity hookup
The Collapse zone should be _________
Full height of the highest wall
Term used by OSHA to describe process or event that could produce loss of life or serious injury
Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)
Area of a building that can be reached with an aerial ladder once the apparatus is set up.
Scrub area
Unit that may carry fire fighters, FF with special tools, or medical unit
squad
