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2017 FireFighting S&T (Blue book) > Ch.1 > Flashcards

Ch.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Ben Franklin organized first fire company in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in _________

A

1736

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2
Q

Over last 2 centuries ______ and _____ have led to modifications in strategies and tactics.

A
  • major improvements in technology

- standards

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3
Q

________, _______, ______, _______, and _______ have had a major impact on fire service in last 30 years.

A
  • Technological advances
  • increased fire-based research
  • increased education
  • industry wide focus on safety
  • improved standards
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4
Q

A broad, general statement of what needs to be accomplished;

A
  • Strategy

* Strategies are designed to meet incident priorities

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5
Q

More specific functions designed to meet the strategic goals:

A

Tactics

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6
Q

The method used to meet the tactic is called the ________

A

Tactical method

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7
Q

Large extensive fires are known as:

A

Conflagrations

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8
Q

Regardless of the resources available, the ________ and ______ on the fire ground DO NOT CHANGE.

A
  • strategic golas

- objectives

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9
Q

________ and _______ change drastically.

A
  • tactics

- tactical methods

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10
Q

__________ are a critical concern, because they have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the unit and the safety of the fire fighters.

A

Staffing levels

*Impact the ability to meet strategic goals

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11
Q

New fire resistive materials such as ______ and _______ have thermal protection that breaths.

A
  • Nomex

- Kevlar

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12
Q

_________ mandates breathing apparatus be worn in IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) environment.

A

OSHA Standard 1910

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13
Q

Personal Alert Devices sound at a high decibel when a fire fighter stops moving for _______ seconds

A

20-30 sec

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14
Q

____________ in Emmitsburg, Maryland has been a catalyst for advanced formal education and research in the fire service.

A
  • National Emergency Training Center

- specifically National Fire Academy (NFA)

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15
Q

The NFA is funded by the federal government and is part of the _______________

A

USFA (United States Fire Administration)

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16
Q

The USFA is organizationally a component of the __________________, under the Department of Homeland Security DHS)

A

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

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17
Q

President George W. Bush established the Office Of Homeland Security in ____________, and created the Department of Homeland security in ____________

A
  • 2001 (OHS)

- 2002 (DHS)

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18
Q

The NFA was originally created in ____________

A

1974

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19
Q

The NFA was originally created in 1974 as a result of the _______________

A

Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974

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20
Q

The Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 was the outcome of the landmark document ________________

A

America Burning: The Report of the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control.

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21
Q

America Burning document is available through the ________

A

USFA

22
Q

________ provides advanced level education, such as Executive Fire Officer Program (EFOP), and other baccalaureate programs such as Degrees at a Distance Program (DDP)

A

NFA

23
Q

__________ is an online degree program that has agreements with seven (7) colleges and Universities throughout the country.

A

Degrees at a Distance Program (DDP)

24
Q

The NFA established the ____________ to ensure a high standard of core curriculum in associates and baccalaureate programs in the fire service among college and universities.

A

(FESHE) Fire and Emergency Service Higher Education

*Information on FESHE can be obtained at USFA website

25
Q

Many state and individual departments will pay an educational incentive for those who __________

A

earn a degree

26
Q

A national campaign is under way to require _____________ in all new homes.

A

residential sprinkler systems

27
Q

In some buildings the sprinkler and standpipe are both supplied by the same __________

A

siamese

28
Q

Approximately, ______ fire fighters lose their lives each year.

A

100

29
Q

The ______________ investigates every fire fighter death in the United States.

A

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

30
Q

________ has printed a fire fighter death autopsy protocol for medical examiners to use.

A

NFA

31
Q

In addition to actual autopsy details, the NFA protocol describes the procedure for __________________

A

securing the personal protective clothing of deceased fire fighter

32
Q

Before this fire the term Bowstring Truss was not nationally known?

A

1988 fire in Hackensack, New Jersey

33
Q

Actual fire service deaths are detailed annually by various agencies such as ________, ________, and _______

A
  • IAFF
  • NFPA
  • USFA
34
Q

Of the 100 deaths per year, ________ are due to fire fighter STRESS.

A

Half

35
Q

_________ says that departments must have a fitness program.

A

NFPA 1500: Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Programs

36
Q

Civilian deaths have influenced changes in codes. One of best examples of this was _______________. 492 people died as result of:

A
  • Cocoanut Grove Fire in Boston, Massachusetts in 1942
  • flammable decorations
  • inadequate exits
  • overcrowding
37
Q

Some code changes that resulted from the Cocoanut Grove fire brought _________ to the attention of firefighters.

A

interior finishes

38
Q

Modern building materials and contents typically burn ______ as hot as older style homes made and furnished of wood and natural fibers.

A

twice as hot

39
Q

As general rule, fire fighters should not aggressively fight interior structure fires for more than the time it takes to expand _________ SCBA cylinders, WITHOUT rehabilitation.

A

(2) 30 minute cylinders

40
Q

Philadelphia FD test of 750 members, average work time for a 30 minute bottle was ____________

A

12 min 50 sec
*This time changes drastically depending on weather conditions, heat of fire, specific job functions, and physical abilities

41
Q

Effects of _______ and _______ are not a consideration in the design of truss members.

A
  • fire

- heat

42
Q

Lightweight trusses are usually made of _________ engineered into a series of triangles (chord and web).

A

2 x 4

43
Q

In lightweight trusses, 2 x 4’s are held together will small metal plates, called ________

A

gusset plates

44
Q

Gusset plates have ______ inch protruding spikes stamped in them to attach to the wood

A

1/4”

45
Q

Trusses are lined up on bearing walls _______ inches apart to create skeleton of roof.

A

16 to 24 inches

46
Q

A 2008 study conducted by _________ found that lightweight wood structural components consistently failed faster than older, traditional building techniques.

A

Underwriters Laboratories

47
Q

_________ is a building style in which no fire stops are located between floors or attic spaces.

A

Balloon Frame

48
Q

The key to adapting strategy and tactics to the various types of building materials and architectural and engineering changes is _______________

A

preincident planning

49
Q

CNG =

A

Hydrogen Compressed Natural Gas

50
Q

When was the NFPA established:

A

1896

*They accomplish their mission through codes and standards, public education, advocacy, professional development.

51
Q

In _______ NIOSH began to investigate fire fighter line-of-duty deaths.

A

1997

2017 FireFighting S&T (Blue book) (19 decks)

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