Ch.1 Flashcards
Ben Franklin organized first fire company in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in _________
1736
Over last 2 centuries ______ and _____ have led to modifications in strategies and tactics.
- major improvements in technology
- standards
________, _______, ______, _______, and _______ have had a major impact on fire service in last 30 years.
- Technological advances
- increased fire-based research
- increased education
- industry wide focus on safety
- improved standards
A broad, general statement of what needs to be accomplished;
- Strategy
* Strategies are designed to meet incident priorities
More specific functions designed to meet the strategic goals:
Tactics
The method used to meet the tactic is called the ________
Tactical method
Large extensive fires are known as:
Conflagrations
Regardless of the resources available, the ________ and ______ on the fire ground DO NOT CHANGE.
- strategic golas
- objectives
________ and _______ change drastically.
- tactics
- tactical methods
__________ are a critical concern, because they have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the unit and the safety of the fire fighters.
Staffing levels
*Impact the ability to meet strategic goals
New fire resistive materials such as ______ and _______ have thermal protection that breaths.
- Nomex
- Kevlar
_________ mandates breathing apparatus be worn in IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) environment.
OSHA Standard 1910
Personal Alert Devices sound at a high decibel when a fire fighter stops moving for _______ seconds
20-30 sec
____________ in Emmitsburg, Maryland has been a catalyst for advanced formal education and research in the fire service.
- National Emergency Training Center
- specifically National Fire Academy (NFA)
The NFA is funded by the federal government and is part of the _______________
USFA (United States Fire Administration)
The USFA is organizationally a component of the __________________, under the Department of Homeland Security DHS)
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
President George W. Bush established the Office Of Homeland Security in ____________, and created the Department of Homeland security in ____________
- 2001 (OHS)
- 2002 (DHS)
The NFA was originally created in ____________
1974
The NFA was originally created in 1974 as a result of the _______________
Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974
The Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 was the outcome of the landmark document ________________
America Burning: The Report of the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control.
America Burning document is available through the ________
USFA
________ provides advanced level education, such as Executive Fire Officer Program (EFOP), and other baccalaureate programs such as Degrees at a Distance Program (DDP)
NFA
__________ is an online degree program that has agreements with seven (7) colleges and Universities throughout the country.
Degrees at a Distance Program (DDP)
The NFA established the ____________ to ensure a high standard of core curriculum in associates and baccalaureate programs in the fire service among college and universities.
(FESHE) Fire and Emergency Service Higher Education
*Information on FESHE can be obtained at USFA website
Many state and individual departments will pay an educational incentive for those who __________
earn a degree
A national campaign is under way to require _____________ in all new homes.
residential sprinkler systems
In some buildings the sprinkler and standpipe are both supplied by the same __________
siamese
Approximately, ______ fire fighters lose their lives each year.
100
The ______________ investigates every fire fighter death in the United States.
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
________ has printed a fire fighter death autopsy protocol for medical examiners to use.
NFA
In addition to actual autopsy details, the NFA protocol describes the procedure for __________________
securing the personal protective clothing of deceased fire fighter
Before this fire the term Bowstring Truss was not nationally known?
1988 fire in Hackensack, New Jersey
Actual fire service deaths are detailed annually by various agencies such as ________, ________, and _______
- IAFF
- NFPA
- USFA
Of the 100 deaths per year, ________ are due to fire fighter STRESS.
Half
_________ says that departments must have a fitness program.
NFPA 1500: Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Programs
Civilian deaths have influenced changes in codes. One of best examples of this was _______________. 492 people died as result of:
- Cocoanut Grove Fire in Boston, Massachusetts in 1942
- flammable decorations
- inadequate exits
- overcrowding
Some code changes that resulted from the Cocoanut Grove fire brought _________ to the attention of firefighters.
interior finishes
Modern building materials and contents typically burn ______ as hot as older style homes made and furnished of wood and natural fibers.
twice as hot
As general rule, fire fighters should not aggressively fight interior structure fires for more than the time it takes to expand _________ SCBA cylinders, WITHOUT rehabilitation.
(2) 30 minute cylinders
Philadelphia FD test of 750 members, average work time for a 30 minute bottle was ____________
12 min 50 sec
*This time changes drastically depending on weather conditions, heat of fire, specific job functions, and physical abilities
Effects of _______ and _______ are not a consideration in the design of truss members.
- fire
- heat
Lightweight trusses are usually made of _________ engineered into a series of triangles (chord and web).
2 x 4
In lightweight trusses, 2 x 4’s are held together will small metal plates, called ________
gusset plates
Gusset plates have ______ inch protruding spikes stamped in them to attach to the wood
1/4”
Trusses are lined up on bearing walls _______ inches apart to create skeleton of roof.
16 to 24 inches
A 2008 study conducted by _________ found that lightweight wood structural components consistently failed faster than older, traditional building techniques.
Underwriters Laboratories
_________ is a building style in which no fire stops are located between floors or attic spaces.
Balloon Frame
The key to adapting strategy and tactics to the various types of building materials and architectural and engineering changes is _______________
preincident planning
CNG =
Hydrogen Compressed Natural Gas
When was the NFPA established:
1896
*They accomplish their mission through codes and standards, public education, advocacy, professional development.
In _______ NIOSH began to investigate fire fighter line-of-duty deaths.
1997
