Ch.13 Flashcards
Commercial occupancies can generally be categorized as either:
- mercantile
- business
- industrial properties
The best way to prepare for building hazards is through __________
preplanning
The _______ nature of commercial occupancies often call for routine inspection.
Transient nature
Consider assignment of more than one _____ when more than one entrance is used.
RIC
Search and Rescue efforts must begin in ____________
areas most threatened by fire and smoke
Most people tend to leave ________
same way they entered
Evacuation for incidents in commercial structures should begin in the _____________
areas of structure most threatened by fire and smoke
In early stages of a fire in commercial occupancies, the _________ are evacuated first, then FF work outward from there.
adjacent occupancies
Evacuation in large commercial structures can be conducted with:
- public address system
- building alarm system
- fire fighters
- combination
Large open areas make confinement difficult because the fire can spread through _________ to uninvolved areas of the building.
convection
Large hose lines of ______ are often necessary for commercial structures.
2 1/2”
Long, narrow one-story buildings that are partitioned throughout to create a number of separate occupancies
strip center (strip mall)
What plays a role in if fire walls were installed:
- age of complex
- size of complex
- type and size of specific occupancy
- existing building codes at time of construction
The rear of strip centers usually have a standard single ______ inch swinging door.
32” - 36”
Almost every strip mall/strip center has a _______ roof
lightweight wood or metal roof
Clear communications between _______ and ______ aspects of an organization are essential to alleviate unknown occupant changes.
prevention and suppression
Metal roof decks allow fire to spread through __________
conduction
When steel trusses are subjected to fire conditions they ____ and ____ heat causing steel to elongate.
conduct and absorb heat
________ is a covered walkway attached to or supported by the main structure on ONE END.
Cantilever
Even if only one unit within the strip center appears to contain fire, ________ needs to be evacuated.
The whole building
For ventilation the opening used for the exit point should be at least _______ the size of the opening used to pressurize the structure.
one and one half (1 1/2)
One way to apply PPV in a strip mall center is to ________________
pressurize the adjoining occupancies, but not the store on fire
_______ has enabled builders to create large open spaces.
Steel
Load-bearing walls of large commercial structures are constructed of _______________
steel, concrete, or combination of two
________ allows the construction of walls to be completed much quicker.
having walls pre-cast
The roof coverings of large commercial structures are _______, _______, or ________
- metal deck
- membrane
- pre or post tensioned concrete
______ and _____ are two associated roof hazards.
- decorative parapets
- banding
- Constructed of Styrofoam, rigid insulation, and concrete
These components are not designed for structural support; they are merely used for decorative purposes:
Styrofoam and plastics
Concrete roofs must be stressed in some way to prevent them from cracking and falling down. This is done by running steel cables through the concrete and tightening them on the ends with _____________, which significantly increases tensile strength
turnbuckles
Spalling can expose _______ used to provide the wall with more strength.
rebar
Typical definition of heavy timber is considered __________
8” x 8”
*common 12 x12
_______ tends to act as an insulator. With the fire charring or pyrolyzing the wood, the fire actually helps the structural supports withstand destruction for longer periods of time.
Charring
Steel, Wood, and concrete columns are common structures built in the ________ and ______ centuries.
20th and 21st centuries
Roofs of 2 or 3 story commercial structures are typically ____________
Flat, metal deck, with insulation and tar and gravel
The most common type of floor in 2 or 3 story commercial structures is _______
concrete
The roof of taxpayers structures use wood sizes typically larger than 2 x 4’s and are secured using _______ rather than gusset plates.
nails or spikes
Steel roofs are typically covered with ____________
metal skin and topped with rigid insulation, tar, and gravel
Roofs that resemble the inner tube of a bike tire are ________
- stretched rubber membrane
- Have spongy feeling that is normal for the system
- Difficult to cut through, as it gums up the saw blade
The way to prevent autoexposure is to train hose streams on:
exterior of structure above where fire is venting and attempting to spread vertically. Water will cascade down the structure and significantly decrease or completely stop the fires exterior vertical spread
A chemical change in wood resulting from the action of heat:
Pyrolyzing
The loss of surface concrete, sometimes forcefully, that occurs when the moisture in concrete is subjected to fire or exposed to heat:
Spalling
