Ch.16 Flashcards
A typical car fire can generally be brought under control with _______
One engine company w/ 1 hose, 1 set forcible entry
The majority of vehicle fire to which the fire department responds are ________
passenger vehicles
Hazards encountered with passenger vehicles can be broken down into 3 broad areas:
- Vehicle component
- Alternative fuels
- Hazardous Cargo
Air-condtioning systems, when burring emit deadly _______
phosgene gas
_______ may react violently with water
magnesium
Catalytic converters can reach temperatures exceeding _______ when functioning improperly.
1500 degrees
Possible locations for air bags:
- side-impact
- side-impact air-curtain
- dashboard knee
- rear-seat
- seat belt air bag
- foot air bags
________ makes air bags fro motorcycles.
Honda
Typically air bags deploy regardless of _____________
wether their respective seat is occupied
*designed to deploy when the vehicle is struck from front, rear, or side
Smart air bag systems may not deploy in a vehicle crash when ______ or _________
- small passenger is seated
- no passenger is seated
Most manufacturers utilize ______ wire to indicate air bag systems.
Bright Yellow
*DO NOT CUT can deploy air bag
Why are alternative-fuels vehicles becoming more common?
Federal Government pushing to reduce emissions
Alternative-fuel vehicles:
- hybrid gas-electric
- fully electric
- hydrogen-powered
- bio-disel-powered
- liquid petroleum gas (LPG)
- Compressed natural Gas (CNG)
These types of vehicles are mostly used in fleet services, due to the lack of infrastructure for refueling:
LPG and CNG vehicles
- Ex. law enforcement
- Present explosion hazard under fire
Only way to know whether a vehicle operates on LPG or CNG is by either _______ or _________
- having prior knowledge
- noting a slightly different type of fuel door
Emergency response guidelines for hybrid vehicles are also available _____ and ________
online, obtainable through a simple internet search
Sometimes the only identifying mark for a Hybrid vehicle is __________ or _____________
- differently shaped antenna
- hybrid label on the rear of the vehicle
Hybrid vehicles can be identified by _________ components under the vehicles hood.
bright orange components
*DO NOT CUT ORANGE WIRES
Hybrid vehicles battery powered system is separate form the battery starting system. Battery starting system is a _____ and can be located anywhere. The battery-powered system may be Lithium-ion and is located _____
- 12-volt
- Under the vehicles floorboard
2 types of electric vehicles:
- plug-in electric vehicle- underhood generator
9. 3 gallon fuel tank
-Fully electric vehicle- 100%- Nissan Leaf
Range of approx. 100 miles
In January of 2012, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) released a document titled ______________-
“Interm Guidance of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Equipped with High Voltage Batteries”
*contains info about vehicles for vehicle owners, law enforcement, MES, Fire Dept., Towing, Vehicle Storage
“Interm Guidance of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Equipped with High Voltage Batteries” document also notes a special concern for __________________
vehicle fires involving a lithium-ion battery
*more info found on NHTSA website
NHTSA document highlights these considerations:
- Always assume High-voltage battery is energized and fully charged
- Potential for high-voltage shock
- Venting/off-gassing high voltage battery vapors are toxic and flammable
- Physical damage cause immediate or delayed release of toxic and or flammable gas and fire
The emissions of these vehicles is essentially water:
Hydrogen fuel-cell powered vehicle
Operate much like hybrids, but they have a THIRD component that utilizes energy taken directly from the environment
Tribrid Vehicle
Alternative fuel source is E-85, this is a combination:
15% gasoline
85% ethanol
Fires involving E-85 (or gas-ethanol mixture of more than 10 % ethanol should be treated the same as:
Polar-water-miscible flammable liquid
E-85 fuels are highly flammable and heavier than air. To extinguish these fires, you must use ____________
alcohol-reistant foam
A concern with gasoline-ethanol fires is that they are ______________
NOT as visible as gasoline fires
There are over ______ E-85 vehicles on the road in the U.S
6 million
E-85 fueled vehicles do not have any special markings. The only reliable method to identify an E-85 fueled vehicle is to _______________
Gain information from the vehicle driver
Potentially hazardous cargo includes:
- Welding equipment
- Any unidentifiable item
Number one incident priority for fighting vehicle fires is __________
Life Safety
The first order of business for vehicle fire is ______________
Properly placing the fire apparatus to block traffic
Approach should be made on a ________________ not straight on when fighting vehicle fire.
45 degree angle to the front or rear of car
If no vehicle owner or occupant is in the immediate vicinity or there are suspicious circumstances, then __________
vehicle must be searched thoroughly
Once permitted, the vehicles wheels should be _______
chocked
The hose line should come off the _____ side of the engine.
Curb
For searching a vehicle:
- Start with area most likely to have vehicle occupants (usually the front seat) check floorboard
- Back Seat next
If vehicle is abandoned or suspicious, make sure you check the _______
trunk
The safest approach to search and rescue of vehicle is to perform it ___________
Simultaneously with extinguishment operations
*Fire should be swept away from passenger compartments until search can be made
If vehicles are in parking lot and Keys to endangered vehicles are available, firefighters should ________________
move endangered vehicles away
Confinement of vehicle fires is accomplished through ________
direct extinguishment
_______ is the extinguishment agent of choice for most passenger cars, vans, and light-duty truck fires.
Water
For flowing-fuel fires consider the application of _____
Foam
For small-engine compartment fires, _______ can be very effective
dry chemical
Usually a straight stream of water can be directed at the side window. Cool water on the hot glass will cause _____________
the glass to break and thus vent the car
Overhauling a passenger car consists of opening _____ compartments of the vehicle and checking for extension.
ALL
Salvaging what document from the glove compartment with make things easier for the investigating authority?
Vehicle registration and proof of insurance
Any large commercial truck that either pulls a trailer or has a cargo box on the same frame is considered a ______ or ________
semitrailer or heavy-duty truck
*Key component is that these vehicles have type of cargo too large for personal use
________ is a typical hazard found in large commercial trucks and semi-trailers.
Inaccessibility of the cab
The cab of commercial trucks and semi-trailers can be situated ______ above ground
several feet
_______ fail under fire conditions and cause the trailer to drop several inches.
air-suspension systems
Saddle Tanks:
- typical on large commercial trucks
- large fuel tanks under driver and passenger doors
- Usually carry diesel fuel (can carry gasoline)
- Range in size from 25-100 gallons
Older cabs, manufactured by Ford Motor and International Trucks, were engineered with the engine _________
Under the cab
*when engine is under cab, FF will need someone with specialized knowledge
Material used in modern cabs:
- steel
- fiberglass
- plastic
The greatest distinction between commercial trucks/semitrailer fires and passenger vehicle fires is __________
large amounts of hazardous cargo
Minimum response levels for a large truck fire should be ____________
2 Engines and IC
Tractor-trailer fires possess one unique exposure protection need. Firefighter may need to protect the trailer from a cab. This is accomplished by _________
Separating the cab from the trailer
For overhauling commercial trucks or semi-trailers fire fighter may need to _________
Off-load the product
Recreational Vehicles:
- Class A motorhomes
- Class C motorhomes
- passanger bus conversions
- van campers
- travel trailers
- truck campers
- pop-ups (tent campers)
- Large RV’s with a modular body on a frame
- These vehicles are self-contained units that can have air-conditioners, refrigerators, bathrooms, and generators
Class A motor homes
Like Class A motor homes except they have a truck or van chassis and a cab with modular camping unit attached to the back frame
-Passangers can access the cab form the inside
Class C motor homes
Van Campers are also known as ________
Class B motor homes
- Oversized custom vans that have been converted into campers
- have small bathrooms, cooking areas with refrigerator
Van Campers
_______, ______, and ______ are all campers that are not attached to a vehicle.
- Travel trailers
- truck campers
- pop-ups
Hazards unique to RV’s:
- LPG tanks- located anywhere
- Anhydrous Ammonia - in refrigeration systems
- RV’s waste or grey water
Water that is held after use (washing dishes or brushing teeth):
Gray Water
Waste tanks, that contain human waste from bathroom use:
Black Water
When assessing an occupied RV with rules or _______ apply
one-or two- family dwelling
*RIT or RIC crew should be standing by required by OSHA
Hazards associated with Heavy Equipment:
- Large Tires- explode under fire conditions
- Large amount of hydraulic fluid -over 100 gallons
- Higher positioning of occupants-inaccessible cockpit
- Large equipment, threaten to fall
Heavy equipment have large amounts of hydraulic fluid over _______
100 gallons
Hazards encountered in transportation vehicles:
- storage of human waste
- emergency escape windows that close with violent force if not popped open
- Multiple large battery banks
- alternative fuel sources
- large tires that explode
In most public transportation buses, the engine is located in the _________ and doors are located in the _______
- engine - rear of the bus
- doors - front
Older buses will have designated emergency exits in the ________ of the bus.
Rear and sides
______ in modern buses, are designed to be emergency exits.
All windows
School buses have the engine and main door entrance located in the ______ with emergency exits in the _________
- Front
- Rear and side windows
Basically a building on wheels:
Recreational Vehicles (RV’s)
Any large truck, such as box truck, generally utilized for commercial application, but may also be utilized for private use.
Heavy-duty truck
Any large commercial truck that pulls a trailer, sometimes referred to as an 18-wheeler, or a tractor trailer
Semitrailer
