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2017 FireFighting S&T (Blue book) > Ch.5 > Flashcards

Ch.5 Flashcards

1
Q

The NFPA 220 has set a standard categorization for each type of Building Construction:

A 
Type V: Wood Frame
Type IV: Heavy Timber
Type III: Ordinary
Type II: Noncombustible
Type I: Fire Resistive
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2
Q

Not included as a classification in NFPA 220 is ________ or __________

A
  • multiple classifications

- interconnected construction types

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3
Q

In newer cities, construction methods are more recent, and most of the buildings fall within _____ to ______ construction.

A

Type III to Type I

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4
Q

The main point to remember in the performance of wood as a structural member is __________________

A

surface-to-mass ratio

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5
Q

______ is the key factor in fire performance of wood.

A

Mass

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6
Q

The second-most important point to remember in wood-frame construction is the ______________

A

Connection method

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7
Q

_____ was common throughout building construction from the 1800’s through the end of World War II

A

Ballon Frame

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8
Q

With the invention of _______, it became possible to build multistory wood-frame buildings faster and cheaper.

A

cheap machine-made nails

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9
Q

This type of construction involves a wood stud framing system in which the studs run continuously the full building height and there is no inherent firestop between floors:

A

Ballon Frame

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10
Q

__________ can often be identified by the doors and windows being stacked vertically.

A

Ballon-frame structure

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11
Q

The hazard associated with ballon-frame construction is the ability for the fire to __________________

A

Spread vertically and horizontally throughout the structure without visible indication

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12
Q

The __________, sometimes referred to as “western framing”, is the most common type of new frame construction in use today.

A

Platfrom Frame

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13
Q

In platfrom frame the wall studs are attached to a single board on the bottom called the _______

A

sill plate

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14
Q

Platform Frame construction:

A
  • Began after the mid-20th century
  • Used up to 3 story buildings
  • Framing method creates compartmentation
  • Identified by offset windows and doors
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15
Q

The ______ is a typical post and beam construction.

A

Barn

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16
Q

Barns have ________ floor and roof systems.

A

plank and beam

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17
Q

Dimensions of Post and Beam Construction:

A
  • Min roof planks are 2 “
  • Beams set 6 to 8 ft apart
  • min post and beam are 4” x 4”
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18
Q

Post and Beam framing is usually easy to identify because the interior walls are usually ______

A

exposed

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19
Q

A framing method that resembles the post and beam, but uses much LARGER beams is being used today for large residential structures, commercial buildings, churches, and places of assembly:

A

Plank and beam

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20
Q
  • Uses boards laminated together to from large beams
  • Floors thick tongue and groove
  • Reduces concealed spaces
A

Plank and Beam

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21
Q

The _______ is an engineered construction in which the entire structure is tied together into a unitized frame.

A

Truss

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22
Q

Truss Frame construction can be used for buildings up to ________ stories

A

3

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23
Q

The benefits for the construction industry for truss construction is that the light weight members are ________, ________, and _________

A
  • less expensive
  • easier to work with
  • pre-engineered to span large openings
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24
Q

The truss is constructed of light weight, smallest-dimension lumber possible, typically _______

A

2” x 4”

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25
Q

Gusset plate is a metal plate about _____ thick that has been stamped to make a jagged teeth of one side.

A

0.05”

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26
Q

The bowstring truss is a __________

A

timber truss

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27
Q

Hackensack Ford fire collapse that killed 5 firefighters on July 1, 1988 was from _________

A

Bowstring truss

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28
Q

The bowstring truss can span areas of ___ to _____ feet and be spaced ______ on center.

A
  • 50ft - 100ft

- 20 feet on center

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29
Q

If a building is old, it may contain ____ or ____.

And ____ and _____ can also play a part in the loss of structural integrity.

A
  • dry rot or termites

- Fungus and decay

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30
Q

Defects in the wood members such as ____, _____, and ______ can weaken the members.

A
  • warpage
  • shrinkage
  • torn or lifted grain
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31
Q

The fasteners used in most lightweight wood trusses used in construction today are MOST OFTEN referred to as __________

A

gusset plates

*They can also be called gang nailers, staple plates, or metal tooth plate connectors

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32
Q

The metal staple is designed to penetrate the wood form ____ to ____ inches, but can often be found with a penetration of less than _____ inches.

A
  • 0.25” to 0.375”

- less than 0.25”

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33
Q

When used in roof systems ____ and _____ can cause plywood to deteriorate sue to high humidity and temperatures in attics and cocklofts.

A

-phosphates and sulfates

34
Q

Heavy Timber construction can be referred to as _______

A

Mill construction

35
Q

Heavy Timber is often found in ________

A

Old industrial buildings

36
Q

Type IV: Heavy Timber:

A
  • Columns greater than 8” x 8”
  • up to 8 stories tall
  • Floors typically 3” or greater in thickness &
  • Built using 1” tongue and groove
37
Q

Large sections of wood more than _____ thick can have more fire resistance than exposed steel.

A

6 inches

38
Q

The exterior walls of the heavy timber construction are made of __________

A

masonry

39
Q

The openings between sections of buildings separated by firewalls will have ___________ when subjected to heat.

A

fire doors that drop down or close

40
Q

The hazard in heavy timber structures is that the walls and ceilings are _______________

A

unfinished and lack fire protection

41
Q

Type III: Ordinary Construction:

A
  • Masonry load bearing walls
  • Wood-joisted floors and wood roof
  • Thickness of walls 6 to 30 inches
  • Walls thicker at bottom
  • 1 to 3 stores tall, can be 10 stories
42
Q

Fire-cut joists have a _____ degree cut on them.

A

30-degree

43
Q

The Ordinary Construction building has load-bearing walls along the _________ of the building.
Floor and Roof joists span the __________

A
  • longest part

- shortest distance possible

44
Q

What symbols will indicate a spreader:

A
  • a star
  • letter S
  • a channel
  • a circle
  • decorative device on exterior
45
Q

2 types of spreaders:

A

Type 1- rod or cable runs parallel to joists and ties walls together

Type 2- Tensile member, rod or cable, runs perpendicular to joist and ties first three or four floor joists together

46
Q

_________ employs building materials that will not add to the fire development

A

Type II: Noncombustible

47
Q

Type II: Noncombustible:

A
  • Structural material is metal-framed truss
  • most common roof is metal decking
  • then buildup, hot tar and gravel
  • When walk on roof walk on side next to wall
48
Q

____________ began the era of fire-resistive buildings.

A

The invention of steel and the use of steel as a building material

49
Q

The typical rule of thumb for the expansion of steel is ___ inch for every ____ feet at approximately ____ degrees.

A
  • 1” for every 10ft

- 800 deg

50
Q

Many fire-resistive buildings are constructed with ___________ for floors and the roof.

A

reinforced concrete and steel bar joists

51
Q

______ provides concrete with lateral strength.

A

Rebar

52
Q

The top chord is _________ and the bottom chord is _____________

A

top-compressed

bottom- in tension

53
Q

The top and bottom members of the truss are called _______

A

chords

54
Q

The inside member of the truss is called the _____

A

web

55
Q

The trusses are tied together with connecting members called __________
The connections are __________

A
  • ties

- panel points

56
Q

The most dangerous truss is the ___________

A

bowstring truss

57
Q

The most common truss for ROOF construction is the ____________

A

peaked roof truss

58
Q

Peaked Roof trusses are placed close together, ______ to _____ on center.

A

16 - 24 inches

59
Q

If trusses were built prior to 1990, roof trusses were _______ to hold them in place

A

toe nailed into top plate of wall

60
Q

Due to hurricanes, tornados, and roof failures, the method of securing roof trusses evolved to using _______________

A
  • form of angled metal plate or metal clip

- referred to as hurricane clips, hurricane ties

61
Q

Hurricane Clips are nailed to _____________ to better secure the roof structure.

A

Both the truss and the load bearing wall

62
Q

One typical method of strapping during construction is to place a metal strap from the _____ of the load-bearding wall stud, over the truss, and back down to the ______ of the wall stud.

A
  • outside

- exterior

63
Q

The strapping method improves the roofs ability to withstand __________

A

Lifting forces

64
Q

The __________ is used for both roofs and floors

A

parallel chord truss

65
Q

The problem with the parallel chord truss in residential structures is ____________

A

the void space it creates (interstitial space)

66
Q

Location for electrical wiring, HVAC, and other utilities in a parallel chord truss:

A

Interstitial space

67
Q

The truss is designed to employ the ________ amount of building material to carry the designed load.

A

minimum

68
Q

The shortcomings of truss construction method is:

A

the connectors

69
Q

Wood carries its load by _________

A

mass

70
Q

In unprotected steel trusses, the steel can begin to lose strength at ______ and fail around ________

A
  • 800 degrees- lose strength

- 1000 degrees- Fail

71
Q

Both of these products have helped the building industry span larger open distances with load-bearing ability, and at a lower cost.

A
  • The Laminated Beam

- Engineered I-Beam

72
Q

The top and bottom boards of an I-beam are referred to as __________

A

flanges

73
Q

The flanges are typically solid wood, whereas the web is ___________________

A
  • plywood
  • OSB
  • type of wood laminated together
74
Q

The primary hazard associated with the I-Beam is that it is _______________

A

relatively lightweight and therefore more susceptible to deterioration and failure under fire conditions

75
Q

Composed of a number of wood pieces sized and arranged according to design needs, glued together:

A

Laminated Beam

76
Q

Types of wood-frame buildings:

A
  • Ballon Frame
  • Platfrom Frame
  • Post and Beam
  • Plank and Beam
  • Truss frame
77
Q

A metal plate, sometimes referred to as a gusset plate, that has teeth that enter the wood member to hold them together.

A

Panel Point

78
Q

A framing method that uses heavier beams that are spaced much farther apart than the traditional 16 inches. It is used in modern construction.

A

Plank and Beam

79
Q

A connecting member, such as a gusset plate, that holds the truss members together.

A

Tie

80
Q

Common throughout building construction from the 1800’s through the end of World War II?

A

Ballon Frame

2017 FireFighting S&T (Blue book) (19 decks)

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