Ch.14 Flashcards
To constitute a structure as an assembly occupancy, an established ____________ must be set
minimum number of occupants
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, uses a minimum occupancy load of ____ with the understanding that population densities may be as little as _____ sq ft. or less per person.
- 50
- 5 sqft.
If an occupancy has the same designated use but has a load of fewer than 50 people, then:
It falls under a different occupancy category
The NFPA defines assembly occupancies as:
Any place where large number of people congregate for the purposes of entertainment, worship, meetings, or awaiting transportation
The danger in places of assembly is compounded by patrons’ lack of ___________ with the building
experience and familiarity
Some of the worst fires in U.S. history (in terms of mass casualties and deaths) have occurred in ___________
places of assembly
For places of assembly a RIC should be established at ___________
Every entry point
The methods of evacuating occupants, safe refuge areas, accountability methods, and other concerns for life safety must be established during ________
pre-incident planning
_________ can be used to direct both occupants and firefighting forces.
Public address system
__________ is key to extinguishing fire in places of assembly
Built-in fire protection systems
The ________ needs to be involved in the plans review process, site visits during construction, and simulated emergency training scenarios conducted.
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
In what fire were the firefighters given a false impression of the fire location during initial size up due to the HVAC system carrying smoke away from involved portion:
MGM Gand Hotel in Las Vegas
November 21, 1980
What type of buildings can have unique designs such as domes and cathedral-type roofs:
Places of Assembly
Older places of worship that have undergone remodeling and additions result in ____________
Mixed building construction types and materials
What questions should fire fighters ask when evaluating exits:
- Where do the exits channel the occupants?
- Will the discharge of occupants interfere with fire apparatus placement or fire operations?
- Will access to the facility be compromised by vehicle exiting the parking lot
Places of worship can be occupied at _________
any hour of the day
BTU stands for:
British Thermal Units
In rural areas, the IC may need to address wild land fires set by ______ or ______
- radiant heat
- flying brands
The more expansive and open the structures interior is, the more likely it is that the roof structure is ______
steel
After a massive fire destroyed McCormick Place in Chicago, Illinois, in January 1967, __________ were changed.
- Fought by 500 fire fighters
- Using 94 pieces of apparatus
fire and building codes for exhibit halls
Hazards identified in the McCormick Place fire were:
- electric extension cords
- lack of compartmentalization
- heavy fire loading
- lack of suppression system
- unprotected steel trusses
- No working water supply
Initial search and rescue operations in Exhibit Halls focus on:
The removal of victims found in and around exit doors
Much of what will burn in the exhibit hall are _____________
The exhibits themselves
Most _______ can be considered architectural and engineering marvels
modern arenas
*Only constraint when designing arenas is money
Leyland Stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee, can hold more than _____ fans
96,000
A hazard that is typically present during events at arenas is _________
alcohol
The biggest concern at arenas is ________________
the large number of people trying to evacuate, and people panicking and stampede
The best possible way to confine a fire in an arena is to:
activate an adequate sprinkler system and augment it with suppression efforts from fire department
Hazards often associated with nightclubs:
- consumption of alcohol
- loud music
- low light levels
- smokey environments
In night clubs these things have proven to be disastrous:
- intoxicated patrons
- late fire discovery
- overcrowding
- blocked exits
Cocoanut Grove Club:
- Boston, Massachusetts
- November 28, 1942
- 492 fatalities
The need for _______ has been shown in the past at Nightclub fires.
employees to assist in evacuating patrons
__________ allows fire personnel to provide messages and directions over the in-house intercom system and allows them to manage elevators, lights, and other systems.
Control of the fire-alarm control panel
In Places of Assembly assignments should be broken down ____________
geographically
