Ch.12 Flashcards
Multiple-family dwellings are occupancies the house _________
3 or more families
What is the average amount of people living in an apartment?
4 people
In large buildings, an _____ should be placed at entry and exit points.
Accountability officer
Priorities for a multiple-floor search include:
- Fire Floor
- Floor above the fire
- Top Floor
- Rest of Building
Occupants are isolated from the hazardous area and remain where they are:
shelter-in-place
First-floor garden apartment fire with potential fire spread to the cockloft requires _______
total evacuation of the entire building
Multiple family dwellings typically have _____ between floors and _______ between apartments.
- unprotected vertical openings
- unprotected horizontal openings
Older Apartment Buildings:
- Built around 1900’s
- constructed of fire-resistive brick exterior and solid wood interior
- between 4 and 6 stories high
- approx. 30ft wide and 80ft deep
- 2-4 apts per floor
- Age is an issue
- Lack of fire protection systems and fire stops
Possible avenues for fire extension:
- pipe recesses
- Utility shafts
- air/light shafts
- Dumbwaiter shafts
- Renovation/alterations
- Auto-extension from floor to floor
In older apartments, an extreme life hazard to occupants and fire fighters is present because __________
The size of the interior stairwell
It is imperative that the first hose line be stretched through the front door to the ________
cellar stairs
The ventilation company should never use _______ to access the roof in an older apartment; the bulkhead or scuttle could be padlocked form inside
interior stair
*Use adjoining building or aerial or tower ladder
After lifting the door to a roof bulkhead, a firefighter should ___________________
Reach in and probe the stairs leading to the roof fro possible overcome victim
For maximum ventilation, open windows _____ from top and _____ from bottom.
- 2/3 from top
- 1/3 from bottom
_________ reduce damage done to a structure during overhaul phase and still provide for a complete overhaul.
Thermal Imaging camera
Newer Apartment Buildings:
- Built in late 1900’s
- Higher, Wider, Deeper than older apartments
- biggest structural difference is unprotected steel I-beams
- E, U, H, double H
The biggest structural difference in newer apartment buildings is the introduction of _____________
Unprotected Steel I-beams
*Used for both vertical and horizontal components
Newer Apartment buildings have at least 2 wing sections and an area called the ______ that separates the wings.
Throat
Apartments at newer apartment buildings are generally located in the __________
The stairs and the elevators are located in the _____
- wing sections
- Throat
Advantage of newer apartment building is that there is NO ______________
NO interior stars leading to the basement
*Access to basement is through exterior courtyards and alleys
Stairs that serve a certain part of the building. A single set of stairs:
Isolated Stairs
Stairs in which you cannot go from one wing to another unless you are in the lobby:
Wing Stairs
Stairs located on opposite sides of a building with multiple wings. Greatest feature is that you can cross from one wing to another on each floor:
Transverse Stairs
- located remotely from one another but are connected via hallways
- are smoke stop doors in middle of hallway
- they assist evacuation
In newer apartment buildings, vertical beams may be boxed in by ______________
Sheetrock or concrete or fire-retardant spray
*cannot be relied on to prevent vertical fire travel
The extensive use of steel I-beams allows _________
a path for fire to travel
One 50-ft length of hose at the base of the stairs can usually reach ________
5 floors
Even if there is an adjoining building, ________ is still the preferred method of getting to the roof.
An adjoining stairway
A trench cut should be performed when:
after a sufficient vent hole is cut over the main body of the fire.
A trench cut should be started approximately ______ feet from the main ventilation hole.
20 to 30 feet
*FF should be assured a 2nd way to get off roof
Fire Resistive Multi-Family Dwellings:
- Fire usually contained to apartment
- Served by 2 fire-resistive enclosed stairwells
In Fire-resistive Multi-family dwellings, fire departments will use at least ______ hose line to advance down a hallway where an apartment door has been left open.
2 1/2”
2 fires where fatalities occurred due to leaving the apartment door open where in ______
1998
*Lack of public education
Units taking elevators to get to the fire floor should stop at least ____ floors below the reported fire floor and take stars rest of way.
2 floors below
Exposure protection in a fire-resistive multiple family dwelling should focus on ___________
adjoining apartments on the same floor
Back-up hose lines should be stretched from _________
at least 2 floors below fire floor
Feature that is unique to fire-resistive multi-family dwellings is the presence of _________________
incinerators or compactors for disposal of refuse
- Incinerator is accessed by a shaft running vertically the entire height of building
- Used by occupants, with closets
A shaft with an incinerator is designed to ______ wheres a compactor shaft would not withstand heat exposure.
burn
If a large fire is in a compactor shaft, a hose line must be stretched from water source into shaft opening located _________ the burning material.
one floor above
Row-Frame Multiple-Family Dwellings:
- Constructed solely of wood
- built side-by-side
- Built turn of 20th Century
- Tall as 5 stories
- 1 or 2 apartments per floor
- Run from front to rear
- Fire-resistive materials were not used
- Air/light/dumbwaiter shafts present
In Row-Frame Dwellings as many as _____ buildings can be found in one row.
20
Fire Spread in Row-Frame:
- Utility shaft
- Air/light shafts
- Interior walls
- Building exterior
- Common Cockloft
- Common Cornices
- Common Cellars’
- Cellar Beams
One of greatest threats to Fire Fighter safety in Row-Frame dwelling is:
underestimating the need for adequate personnel early in the incident.
In Row-Frame every attempt to use an aerial or tower ladder for roof access would be safest. If interior of building must be used, use a building _______________
Several buildings away from fire building
Any hose lines stretched into Row-Frame multiple-family dwellings must be _______________
sufficient length to cover entire structure from front to rear
Brownstone Multiple family dwellings:
Take up entire Blocks
- Built in late 1800’s and early 1900’s
- used non-fire resistive construction
- Typically 3 to 5 stories
- Today usually occupied by 3 or more families
- Or used as single-room occupancies
- Individual rooms rented and share same bath and kitchen
Brownstone buildings we originally constructed with a high stoop that leads to _________
Second-floor parlor
*This is the MAIN floor
Brownstone:
The ground floor (the entrance) is under the high stoop, is the first floor or the ___________
Basement
*Below the first floor is the cellar
In Brownstones, high ceilings on the second floor (parlor), may require the use of ______ to pull down ceiling.
10 ft pike pole
Brownstones-
Second Floor:
First floor:
Below first:
Second Floor: Parlor
First Floor: Basement
Below: Cellar
Doors that side into the wall; when doors are closed creates a void for vertical fire extension:
Pocket Door
________ contain brick walls between buildings
Brownstones
Garden Apartments:
- Construction began in 1940’s during baby boomer generation
- built of wood covered with siding or brick veneer
- 2-4 stories high
- Long, several hundred feet in length
- typically have balconies with glass openings
- Set back from parking lot
Are surrounded by landscaping and greenery as opposed to concrete:
Garden Apartments
In Garden Apartments the interior stairways serve _________
Each Floor and several apartments on each floor
These type of apartments may require LONG hose lays:
Garden Apartments
