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2017 FireFighting S&T (Blue book) > Ch.18 > Flashcards

Ch.18 Flashcards

1
Q

_________ and ________ have regulations that apply to hazardous materials response.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Environmental Protection Agency
*Aslo NFPA have standards

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2
Q

_______ classifies hazardous materials into 9 numerical classes and 2 word classes for placarding and labeling purposes.

A

Department of Transportation (DOT)

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3
Q

Class 1- Explosives

has ____ subdivisions

A

6

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4
Q

Characterized by destroying property and producing a shock wave that may incur or kill:

A

Detonate

*to explode with sudden violence

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5
Q

Those that burn rapidly and add to fire load and intensity

A

deflagrate

*considered low explosive, occurs more slowly than detonation

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6
Q

Class 2- Gases

subdivided into _____ classes

A

3

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7
Q

Nonflammable gases

Have a lower flammable limit of no higher than _____ and a flammable range of greater than ________

A

-no higher than 13

greater than 10

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8
Q

FF should understand that both the properties of gas involved and its weight in comparison to air, air equals ______

A

1

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9
Q

Class 3- Flammable and Combustible Liquids

A

Includes gasoline

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10
Q

Class 4- Flammable Solids (Spontaneously Combustible, and Dangerous when Wet)
Subdivided into _____ classes

A

3

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11
Q

Class 4 materials such as calcium carbide are _________

A

water reactive

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12
Q

Class 5- Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides

Subdivided into ____ classes

A

2

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13
Q
  • Oxidizing Substances supply their own _____ to the burning process.
  • Peroxides are very unstable when _________
A
  • oxygen

- heated or improperly stored

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14
Q

Class 6- Poisonous or Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances
Subdivided into _____ classes

A

2

*may be solid, liquid, or gas

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15
Q

Class 7- Radioactive Materials

Divided into ____ levels

A

3 levels

  • Depending on amount of radiation released
  • Be particularly alert around medical facilities that use radioactive materials for diagnostic testing
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16
Q

Class 8- Corrosive Materials

Are either acids or bases

A

pH of material is either higher than or lower than that of human tissue

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17
Q

Class 9- Miscellaneous Hazards Materials/Products, substances, or Organisms

A

Class 9

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18
Q

ORM-D =

A

Consumer Commodity

*Used for other regulated materials

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19
Q

To ensure the highest level of safety, proper ______ and _______ is necessary.

A
  • Product ID

- notification of hazardous material team

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20
Q

There are 3 levels of risk associated with rescue at a hazardous materials incident:

A
  • Low Risk
  • Calculated Risk
  • Unacceptable Risk
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21
Q

Low Risk is based on 4 assumptions:

A
  1. Hazards are known and are not expected to increase
  2. The PPE available is appropriate
  3. Responders are properly trained to the task
  4. High probability of a safe and successful outcome
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22
Q

Calculated Risk assumes same as Low risk model, with one exception:

A

The degree of certainty that the hazards are not expected to increase, Hazards may increase and has a Contingency Plan

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23
Q
  • Has NO chance of success.
  • 2 and 3 may be valid (PPE available, Responders trained)
  • 1 and 4 are not (hazards are known, high probability of safe and successful outcome)
  • FF should not be committed to entering locations contacting product.
  • Risks outweigh potential gains
A

Unacceptable Risk

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24
Q

For evacuation, 2 objectives must be considered:

A

First objective- notify those who must and can be moved

2nd objective- deals with those who need protection or evacuation but cannot be moved for whatever reason.

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25
Q

When considering Sheltering-in-Place:

A
  • Duration of the release
  • number of potential evacuees
  • Available resources
  • Whether victims can be adequately protected where they are
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26
Q

Studies have shown that sheltering in place is ___________

A

generally safer than evacuation

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27
Q
  • The tactical objectives are designed to limit the area of impact or stop the forward spread of the material
  • The goal is confinement
  • Tactical objectives are damming, diking, and retention
A

Defensive Tactics

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28
Q

Cargo ships may carry up to _____ passengers

A

20

29
Q

Shipboard firefighting operations require:

A

-lifelines, PPE, SCBA

30
Q

All ships usually contain _______ gallons of fuel

A

hundreds of thousands of gallons

31
Q

The ships prefire plan is called:

A

Fire Control Plan (FCP)

32
Q

The FCP is required to be stowed in a _______________

A

Marked location outside the deckhouse

*Signs directing FF’s to the location of the FCP are required

33
Q

_______ should be used to provide exit paths at ship fires.

A

Lifelines

34
Q 
Structural building terms to Ship terms:
Walls:
Floors:
Ceiling:
Windows:
Doors:
A 
Wall = Bulkheads
Floors = platforms or decks
Ceiling = overhead
Windows = Portholes
Doors = Hatches
35
Q

Railcars can be classified by _____ basic types:

A

8

  • locomotive
  • boxcars
  • flatcars
  • inter modal equipment
  • gondola cars
  • hopper cars
  • passenger cars
  • tank cars
36
Q

The workhorse of the Train:

A

Locomotive

37
Q

A ________ is a generator on rails and biggest hazard is electricity generated by diesel engine.

A

Diesel electric locomotive

38
Q

Electric Locomotives, which run on electricity from overhead wires can carry between _______ and ________ volts.

A

25,000 and 50,000 volts

39
Q

________ are designed to protect the cargo from the elements and avoid contamination.

A
  • Boxcars
  • often made of wood
  • contain refrigeration system
  • Diesel generator has #1 or #2 diesel fuel oil
40
Q
  • Do not have wall enclosures or tops
  • Provide no protection from elements
  • Do not present any special fire problems
A

Flatcars

41
Q

________ allow the cargo to be transferred rapidly between different modes of transportation without ever having to off load the product.

A

Intermodal Equipment

42
Q

Hopper Cars:

A
  • Have fixed sides and ends
  • Floor is sloped to one or more hinged doors
  • Used to transport dry bulk materials
  • fertilizers, chemicals, salts, flour,grain
43
Q

Passenger trains may carry ______ people

A

several hundred

44
Q

The capacity of tank cars range from ______ to ______

A

-few hundred gallons to more than 30,000 gallons
-May have one or more
May be pressurized or non-pressurized
-May be interconnected by pipes, forming a Tank Train

45
Q

Several 1 ton containers of chorine are commonly transported on a flat car, called a _________

A

Multi-unit tank car

46
Q

BLEVE =

A

Boiling Liquid-Expanding Vapor Explosion

47
Q

If a rail locomotive is powered by electricity, then either _______ or _______ will be present.

A

overhead wires or third rail

48
Q

Non-passenger trains travel with a minimum of usually ________ people

A

2 to 4

*Crew should be in the Lead locomotive

49
Q

Much information on the cargo and position of the railcars can be found on the _______ or ______

A
  • consist

- wheel report

50
Q

Aircraft engines can be 3 different types:

A
  • reciprocating
  • jet propulsion
  • turbo-prop
51
Q

The reciprocating engine uses __________

A

high-octane gasoline or avgas

52
Q

Jet engines and turboprop engines use _____________

A

commercial high-grade kerosene- JET A

  • Higher flash point
  • Lower ignition point
53
Q

Military aircraft with jet engines use a blend of ____ and ________

A

kerosene and gasoline

54
Q

Hydraulic lines may carry pressures of up to ______ pis

A

5000 psi

55
Q

The planes (APU) Auxiliary power unit operates off the planes __________

A

fuel supply

56
Q

Rotary-wing aircraft may carry anywhere from _____ to ____ people.

A

1 to 50

57
Q

Fuel quantities carried on helicopters can range from ____ to _____ gallons

A

20 - 700 gallons

58
Q

Main rotor blades on large helicopters can span as much as _____ ft in diameter.

A

60 ft

59
Q

Main rotor blades may dip as low as ____ feet from ground

A

4ft

60
Q 
Color-coding for Aircraft Tubing
Fuel:
Lubrication:
Hydraulic:
Compressed Gas:
Breathing Air:
Fire Protection:
A 
Fuel: Red
Lubrication: Yellow
Hydraulic: Blue and Yellow
Compressed Gas: Orange
Breathing Air: Green
Fire Protection: Brown
61
Q

What is Fuselage of plane:

A

Body

62
Q

Low-pressure tanks have different types of roofs including:

A
  • cone roof
  • floating roof
  • floating roof with geodesic dome
  • covered floating roof
63
Q

Bulk tanks are generally step-constructed and may be closely laid out to one another in a _______ arrangement.

A

tank farm

64
Q

Crews should not be placed in line with the _____ containing pressurized gases.

A

ends of tanks

65
Q

Water should be applied in large quantities to the vapor space of pressurized containers, and to the sides ______ the liquid line of large liquid or non-pressurized tanks.

A

below

66
Q

The substation fire is usually a _____ fire after the electricity has been shut down.

A

Class B fire

67
Q

Electrical transformer fires cause underground vault explosions that can catapult manhole covers more than _____ ft in air

A

100 ft

68
Q

Historical Structures:

A
  • may not contain modern built-in private fire protection
  • visitors unfamiliar
  • make sure upgrades are made
69
Q

As water applied to burning fuel, it sinks to bottom of container. Water turns to steam and expands in volume; causes oil to spill out of container onto large uncontrolled area:

A

Boilover

2017 FireFighting S&T (Blue book) (19 decks)

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