Ch.18 Flashcards
_________ and ________ have regulations that apply to hazardous materials response.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Environmental Protection Agency
*Aslo NFPA have standards
_______ classifies hazardous materials into 9 numerical classes and 2 word classes for placarding and labeling purposes.
Department of Transportation (DOT)
Class 1- Explosives
has ____ subdivisions
6
Characterized by destroying property and producing a shock wave that may incur or kill:
Detonate
*to explode with sudden violence
Those that burn rapidly and add to fire load and intensity
deflagrate
*considered low explosive, occurs more slowly than detonation
Class 2- Gases
subdivided into _____ classes
3
Nonflammable gases
Have a lower flammable limit of no higher than _____ and a flammable range of greater than ________
-no higher than 13
greater than 10
FF should understand that both the properties of gas involved and its weight in comparison to air, air equals ______
1
Class 3- Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Includes gasoline
Class 4- Flammable Solids (Spontaneously Combustible, and Dangerous when Wet)
Subdivided into _____ classes
3
Class 4 materials such as calcium carbide are _________
water reactive
Class 5- Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides
Subdivided into ____ classes
2
- Oxidizing Substances supply their own _____ to the burning process.
- Peroxides are very unstable when _________
- oxygen
- heated or improperly stored
Class 6- Poisonous or Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances
Subdivided into _____ classes
2
*may be solid, liquid, or gas
Class 7- Radioactive Materials
Divided into ____ levels
3 levels
- Depending on amount of radiation released
- Be particularly alert around medical facilities that use radioactive materials for diagnostic testing
Class 8- Corrosive Materials
Are either acids or bases
pH of material is either higher than or lower than that of human tissue
Class 9- Miscellaneous Hazards Materials/Products, substances, or Organisms
Class 9
ORM-D =
Consumer Commodity
*Used for other regulated materials
To ensure the highest level of safety, proper ______ and _______ is necessary.
- Product ID
- notification of hazardous material team
There are 3 levels of risk associated with rescue at a hazardous materials incident:
- Low Risk
- Calculated Risk
- Unacceptable Risk
Low Risk is based on 4 assumptions:
- Hazards are known and are not expected to increase
- The PPE available is appropriate
- Responders are properly trained to the task
- High probability of a safe and successful outcome
Calculated Risk assumes same as Low risk model, with one exception:
The degree of certainty that the hazards are not expected to increase, Hazards may increase and has a Contingency Plan
- Has NO chance of success.
- 2 and 3 may be valid (PPE available, Responders trained)
- 1 and 4 are not (hazards are known, high probability of safe and successful outcome)
- FF should not be committed to entering locations contacting product.
- Risks outweigh potential gains
Unacceptable Risk
For evacuation, 2 objectives must be considered:
First objective- notify those who must and can be moved
2nd objective- deals with those who need protection or evacuation but cannot be moved for whatever reason.
When considering Sheltering-in-Place:
- Duration of the release
- number of potential evacuees
- Available resources
- Whether victims can be adequately protected where they are
Studies have shown that sheltering in place is ___________
generally safer than evacuation
- The tactical objectives are designed to limit the area of impact or stop the forward spread of the material
- The goal is confinement
- Tactical objectives are damming, diking, and retention
Defensive Tactics
Cargo ships may carry up to _____ passengers
20
Shipboard firefighting operations require:
-lifelines, PPE, SCBA
All ships usually contain _______ gallons of fuel
hundreds of thousands of gallons
The ships prefire plan is called:
Fire Control Plan (FCP)
The FCP is required to be stowed in a _______________
Marked location outside the deckhouse
*Signs directing FF’s to the location of the FCP are required
_______ should be used to provide exit paths at ship fires.
Lifelines
Structural building terms to Ship terms: Walls: Floors: Ceiling: Windows: Doors:
Wall = Bulkheads Floors = platforms or decks Ceiling = overhead Windows = Portholes Doors = Hatches
Railcars can be classified by _____ basic types:
8
- locomotive
- boxcars
- flatcars
- inter modal equipment
- gondola cars
- hopper cars
- passenger cars
- tank cars
The workhorse of the Train:
Locomotive
A ________ is a generator on rails and biggest hazard is electricity generated by diesel engine.
Diesel electric locomotive
Electric Locomotives, which run on electricity from overhead wires can carry between _______ and ________ volts.
25,000 and 50,000 volts
________ are designed to protect the cargo from the elements and avoid contamination.
- Boxcars
- often made of wood
- contain refrigeration system
- Diesel generator has #1 or #2 diesel fuel oil
- Do not have wall enclosures or tops
- Provide no protection from elements
- Do not present any special fire problems
Flatcars
________ allow the cargo to be transferred rapidly between different modes of transportation without ever having to off load the product.
Intermodal Equipment
Hopper Cars:
- Have fixed sides and ends
- Floor is sloped to one or more hinged doors
- Used to transport dry bulk materials
- fertilizers, chemicals, salts, flour,grain
Passenger trains may carry ______ people
several hundred
The capacity of tank cars range from ______ to ______
-few hundred gallons to more than 30,000 gallons
-May have one or more
May be pressurized or non-pressurized
-May be interconnected by pipes, forming a Tank Train
Several 1 ton containers of chorine are commonly transported on a flat car, called a _________
Multi-unit tank car
BLEVE =
Boiling Liquid-Expanding Vapor Explosion
If a rail locomotive is powered by electricity, then either _______ or _______ will be present.
overhead wires or third rail
Non-passenger trains travel with a minimum of usually ________ people
2 to 4
*Crew should be in the Lead locomotive
Much information on the cargo and position of the railcars can be found on the _______ or ______
- consist
- wheel report
Aircraft engines can be 3 different types:
- reciprocating
- jet propulsion
- turbo-prop
The reciprocating engine uses __________
high-octane gasoline or avgas
Jet engines and turboprop engines use _____________
commercial high-grade kerosene- JET A
- Higher flash point
- Lower ignition point
Military aircraft with jet engines use a blend of ____ and ________
kerosene and gasoline
Hydraulic lines may carry pressures of up to ______ pis
5000 psi
The planes (APU) Auxiliary power unit operates off the planes __________
fuel supply
Rotary-wing aircraft may carry anywhere from _____ to ____ people.
1 to 50
Fuel quantities carried on helicopters can range from ____ to _____ gallons
20 - 700 gallons
Main rotor blades on large helicopters can span as much as _____ ft in diameter.
60 ft
Main rotor blades may dip as low as ____ feet from ground
4ft
Color-coding for Aircraft Tubing Fuel: Lubrication: Hydraulic: Compressed Gas: Breathing Air: Fire Protection:
Fuel: Red Lubrication: Yellow Hydraulic: Blue and Yellow Compressed Gas: Orange Breathing Air: Green Fire Protection: Brown
What is Fuselage of plane:
Body
Low-pressure tanks have different types of roofs including:
- cone roof
- floating roof
- floating roof with geodesic dome
- covered floating roof
Bulk tanks are generally step-constructed and may be closely laid out to one another in a _______ arrangement.
tank farm
Crews should not be placed in line with the _____ containing pressurized gases.
ends of tanks
Water should be applied in large quantities to the vapor space of pressurized containers, and to the sides ______ the liquid line of large liquid or non-pressurized tanks.
below
The substation fire is usually a _____ fire after the electricity has been shut down.
Class B fire
Electrical transformer fires cause underground vault explosions that can catapult manhole covers more than _____ ft in air
100 ft
Historical Structures:
- may not contain modern built-in private fire protection
- visitors unfamiliar
- make sure upgrades are made
As water applied to burning fuel, it sinks to bottom of container. Water turns to steam and expands in volume; causes oil to spill out of container onto large uncontrolled area:
Boilover
