Ch.11 Flashcards
The most common structure fire response in the United States involves the ______________
One and Two Family dwelling
NFPA defines one-and-two family dwellings as:
residential structures in which not more than two families reside
One-and-Two family dwellings also include ________
manufactured homes
The most common construction style is ________
(Type V) wood frame and (Type III) masonry
There was civilian death every _____ minutes and a civilian fire injury every ____ minutes in 2010
civilian fire death -every 169 min
civilian fire injury -every 30 min
Residential Home fires accounted for _____% of total structure fires
80%
Residential Home fires accounted for more than ____ % of civilian fire deaths
85%
Fire Departments respond to a residential fire every _____ seconds
65 sec
Of residential structure fires, One and Two Family structures account for _____ % of fires
58%
Of residential structure fires, One and Two Family structures account for _____ % of civilian deaths
71%
According to (USFA), _____ % of civilian fire fatalities in residential buildings occur between hours of 10pm and 6am
50%
*(this time also accounts for 49% fatal fires)
Peak Night hours are from ___ to ____, when person is in deep sleep
1:00am to 5:00am
_______ was the leading cause of fatal residential building fires
Smoking
According to 2010 USFA fire fighter fatality report, ___ % of Fire-Ground fire fighter fatalities occurred in Residential Structures.
10%
In 2013, Underwriters Laboratory Firefighter Safety Research Institute (UL FSRI) released technical report: Vertical Ventilation and Suppression in Single Family.
- They conducted ______ experiments
- It summarizes ___ tactical considerations
- 17 experiments
- 12 tactical considerations
The wood frame-constructed homes typically fall within one of three framing methods:
- Post and Frame
- Balloon Frame
- Platform Frame
Post and Frame is sometimes called _______
Plank and Beam
In Post and Beam construction, posts are generally _______
4” x 4”
Many associate Post and Frame or (Plank and Beam) construction with ________
Log Cabins
Ballon Frame:
- Use standard 2x4”
- Exterior framing members run 2 or more stories
- Houses built prior to 1940, framing members form an open channel from foundation to eave line
- Homes built after 1940 usually have firestops
Platfrom Construction:
- Each floor is built as a box
- Construction creates inherent fire stop and individual compartments
Platform Construction is found in most _________
Contemporary Construction
Split-level, bi-level, and trip-level houses are all variations of _____________
Platform construction
In one-and-two family dwellings, the most common paths are the ______ and _______
- hallways
- stairways
Stone-coated steel roofing is made from _____ gauge structural-grade steel coated with a heavy resin and other protective layers. Extra thick coating of ceramic-fired earth stone is then applied.
- 26-gauge
- good for hurricane and storm
- nearly impenetrable
_____ add to the fire load
Normal contents of a house
What time of the year may the fire load be increased in homes:
Around the holidays from presents and decorations
Modern materials, made of synthetic materials burn _________ than legacy materials
faster and hotter
In a home with modern furnishings, a flashover can occur in _______ as in one with legacy materials.
Half the time
Hoarding task forces may be staffed with ______, ______, and _______
- building inspectors
- animal control officers
- first responders
- NFPA FF fatalitites in U.S-2010 documented ____ fire fighter fatalities while operating on the fire ground.
- Most significant factor of fires in one and two family dwellings killed ____ FF
- 21
- 6
What do we commonly refer to as “routine fires”:
Fires in one-and-two family dwellings
The leading specific location where civilian fire fatalities occur in residential buildings is __________
Bedroom (55%)
Civilian fire fatalities occurring in residential buildings:
Bedroom:
Trying to Escape:
Sleeping:
- Bedroom 55%
- Trying to Escape 36%
- Sleeping 35%
Areas that may present a higher likelihood of finding a victim:
- Paths of travel
- Below windows
- Behind Doors
- Hallways
- Bedrooms
In offensive attack, hose lines should be positioned to _______ the fire from the unburned side.
- confine
* however based on UL FSRI study, water could be applied from either side
In defensive operations, a strategic goal is to place hose lines in a position to ________________
Prevent fire spread beyond the structure of origin
Once the fire is in a free-burning stage or flashover stage within a compartment, an _______ may be indicated.
indirect attack
Many fires are investigated later by a ___________ representing the family’s insurance company.
private fire investigator
Most basements have _____ entrance.
one
*This one entrance is also the only exit
In a balloon frame constructed house, an additional hose line must go to _____________
Each floor of the house
In basement fires, crews must maintain control of the __________
staris
A primary clue to a basement fire is:
smoke from bottom to top of the structure that is not lifted when front door is opened and ventilation is started.
If vertical ventilation is required, place the hole ______________
as near as possible over the top of the stairway
If the basement is not venting well, consider cutting a hole in the first floor under a window, about _____ from the wall, then remove the window.
1 ft
______ is the first area checked if IC suspects a balloon-frame home.
The attic
One of the biggest hazards encounter in first-floor fires is the potential __________
speed of fire spread
A second hazard in one-and two family dwellings is ___________
complacency of firefighting crews
_____ fires may be a fraud, in an attempt to remodel home at the insurance companies expense.
Kitchen Fires
The biggest concern for fire fighter safety when fighting fires in upper floors is ___________
Lack of egress
Method of attacking an attic fire is the _______; it can be forced up through ceiling and into attic space, down through roof, or through a side wall.
Piercing nozzle
*creates an effective broken stream of water
The current houses in the U.S. offers at least _____ common styles of attitude garages.
3
In most single story or two story homes with a basement , the large is __________
- an extension of the structure
- garage roof follows the same elevation and is integrated with roof over living quarters
Garages found in most 2-story homes the garage is _______
- separate form the living quarters and ties into the side of the house.
- Tie into the side of the house creates an inherent firebreak
- The interior entry door from garage goes into the kitchen or utility room
Third type of garage is under part of the living quarters of house. The ceiling of the garage is the ______ for the living quarters
floor
*The interior entry door from garage goes into the basement of the house
The interior wall of the attached garage, next to living quarters, may be required to have ___________
fire resistant drywall
If the ceiling of the attached garage is the floor of the living quarters, it should have ____________
Fire resistant drywall
How many types of garage doors are there:
2 common types
The standard roll-up door that rides on tracks on each side of the door has _______ hinged panels.
4-6
The second garage door style is a solid door that raises up and slides back along the ceiling. The hazard comes if ________
the door closes with FF inside, must be braced open
Gated communities in suburban areas have homes built _______ feet away from each other.
5 to 10 feet
If fighting the fire from the garage side, the fire officer must consider __________
integrity of interior door
If a garage must be cut with a saw, cut about ____ inches from each side to avoid the hardware and rollers.
6 inches
What is the best method to extinguish garage fire:
Open overhead garage door
*Also best form of horizontal ventilation
Fighting the fire from the garage side is based on the assumption that the living quarters side of the attached garage has __________
fire-resistant drywall
Manufactured homes (formerly called “mobile” homes) are transportable structures that are fixed to a chassis and specifically designed to be towed to a residential site. They are not the same as _____________
modular or prefabricated homes
*These are factory-built and then towed in sections to be installed at a permanent location
_________ regulates the construction of manufactured housing
Federal Government
Since _____, manufactured homes have been required to comply with U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
1976
_______ manufactured homes bear a label certifying compliance.
Post-1976
____ times as many people die in mobile home fires, proportionately, than in single and two-family home fires.
3 X
For every 1000 fires that break out, _____ victims will die in mobile homes, whereas fewer than ____ will die in single or two-family dwellings.
For every 1000 fires 21 victims die in mobile homes
For every 1000 fires fewer than 7 die in single or 2-family
Most mobile homes have ____ safe exits than a traditional home.
fewer
Primary cause of problem in mobile home is that fire spreads rapidly through mobile home contents, while ____________
The structure itself intensifies heat and smoke buildup
Quick knockdown from the exterior of mobile home will accomplish 2 things:
- Will begin efforts for exposure protection
- allow crews to enter the manufactured home to complete fire control
In manufactured homes there is a door on the back side of the structure, approx. in the _________ of the structure.
middle or back third
___ should be sent to the roof for vertical ventilation of manufactured home.
At NO TIME
Makeshift laboratories for manufacturing controlled substances such as methamphetamine, PCP (angel dust), and designer synthetics.
Clandestine drug labs
*should be treated as crime scenes
The primary concern with FF entering marijuana grow houses or clandestine drug labs are:
- electrocution
- propane/natural gas/flammable explosion
- structural collapse
- chemical hazards
- toxic atmosphere
- Booby traps
The electrical system in grow houses is:
- continually live
- up to 240 volts
- cannot be shut off unless disconnected at power pole
