Ch9 Flashcards
What are the effects caused by hormones?
Change in plasma membrane permeability or electrical state
Synthesis of proteins or certain regulatory molecules
Activation or inactivation of enzymes
Stimulates mitosis
Promotion of secretory activity
What determines whether a hormone will influence a given body cell?
Specific receptors for that hormone on its plasma membrane or internally.
What are the hormones that involve in direct gene activation mechanism?
Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones
What is the mechanisms that water soluble, non steroidal hormones that tigger changes in cell?
Second messenger system
Hormone levels in blood is mostly maintained by —.
Negative feedback mechanism
What are the examples of humoral stimuli of hormonal release?
Insulin
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone
What are the three ways in which endocrine glands are stimulated to secrete their hormones?
Hormonal stimuli
Humoral stimuli
Neural stimuli
What hormone increases blood calcium levels, and which endocrine gland produces this hormone?
PTH produced by parathyroid glands increase blood calcium level.
What hormone reduces blood calcium levels, and which endocrine gland produces this hormone?
Calcitonin produced by para follicular cells of the thyroid gland, reduce blood calcium level.
What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more sodium?
Mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone)
Where calcitonin is produced?
parafollicular cells between the follicles of thyroid.
Which body organ plays the main role in producing plasma protein?
Liver
What are the three major categories of formed elements?
Erythrocytes
Leukocyte
Platelets
A person is pale and listless. What disorder or erythrocytes might she be suffering ?
Anemia
What are the three classifications of hormones?
Amino acids based
Steroids
Prostaglandins
What are the hormones secreted by neurons?
Oxytocin, ADH
ANP, the hormone secreted by the heart, has exactly the opposite function of ___ secreted by the outermost zone of the adrenal cortex.
Aldosterone
Hormones that act directly or indirectly to elevate blood glucose include ——-.
GH, cortisol, ACTH
Hypertension may result from hyper secretion of ——–.
Thyroxine, aldosterone, cortisol, ADH
Hormones regulate mineral (salt) levels include —–.
Calcitonin, artrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone
What hormone is given as a drug to reduce inflammation ?
Cortisol
The element needed for thyroid gland function is —.
Iodine
The two mechanism that hormones use to trigger changes in cells depend on whether the hormone is water or — soluble.
Lipid
Two mechanism: direct gene activation
Second messenger system
Thyroid hormone is derived from a sticky colloidal substance housed in — within the thyroid.
Follicle
The islets of — are the hormone-producing structures in the pancreas that manufacture insulin and —.
Langerhans, glucagon
Target organs for specific hormones are determined by ——-.
Types of receptors on that organ
Calcitonin is the hormone produced by the — of the thyroid; — function is the production of the thyroid hormone T3 and T4.
Parafollicular cells, follicular cells
Iodine deficiency, surgical removal of thyroid, and pituitary tumor can lead —- secretion of TSH.
Increase
Which hormone causes ovulation in women and simulates the ovary to secrete progesterone ?
Luteinizing hormone
Which hormone controls water balance by causing uptake of sodium ion, followed by water reabsorption in kidney?
Aldosterone
The rate of metabolism of all body cells is regulated by —.
Thyroid hormone