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ANAT 14 > Ch9 > Flashcards

Ch9 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the effects caused by hormones?

A

Change in plasma membrane permeability or electrical state
Synthesis of proteins or certain regulatory molecules
Activation or inactivation of enzymes
Stimulates mitosis
Promotion of secretory activity

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1
Q

What determines whether a hormone will influence a given body cell?

A

Specific receptors for that hormone on its plasma membrane or internally.

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2
Q

What are the hormones that involve in direct gene activation mechanism?

A

Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones

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3
Q

What is the mechanisms that water soluble, non steroidal hormones that tigger changes in cell?

A

Second messenger system

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4
Q

Hormone levels in blood is mostly maintained by —.

A

Negative feedback mechanism

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5
Q

What are the examples of humoral stimuli of hormonal release?

A

Insulin
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

What are the three ways in which endocrine glands are stimulated to secrete their hormones?

A

Hormonal stimuli
Humoral stimuli
Neural stimuli

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7
Q

What hormone increases blood calcium levels, and which endocrine gland produces this hormone?

A

PTH produced by parathyroid glands increase blood calcium level.

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8
Q

What hormone reduces blood calcium levels, and which endocrine gland produces this hormone?

A

Calcitonin produced by para follicular cells of the thyroid gland, reduce blood calcium level.

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9
Q

What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more sodium?

A

Mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone)

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10
Q

Where calcitonin is produced?

A

parafollicular cells between the follicles of thyroid.

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11
Q

Which body organ plays the main role in producing plasma protein?

A

Liver

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12
Q

What are the three major categories of formed elements?

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocyte
Platelets

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13
Q

A person is pale and listless. What disorder or erythrocytes might she be suffering ?

A

Anemia

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14
Q

What are the three classifications of hormones?

A

Amino acids based
Steroids
Prostaglandins

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15
Q

What are the hormones secreted by neurons?

A

Oxytocin, ADH

16
Q

ANP, the hormone secreted by the heart, has exactly the opposite function of ___ secreted by the outermost zone of the adrenal cortex.

A

Aldosterone

17
Q

Hormones that act directly or indirectly to elevate blood glucose include ——-.

A

GH, cortisol, ACTH

18
Q

Hypertension may result from hyper secretion of ——–.

A

Thyroxine, aldosterone, cortisol, ADH

19
Q

Hormones regulate mineral (salt) levels include —–.

A

Calcitonin, artrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone

20
Q

What hormone is given as a drug to reduce inflammation ?

A

Cortisol

21
Q

The element needed for thyroid gland function is —.

A

Iodine

22
Q

The two mechanism that hormones use to trigger changes in cells depend on whether the hormone is water or — soluble.

A

Lipid

Two mechanism: direct gene activation
Second messenger system

23
Q

Thyroid hormone is derived from a sticky colloidal substance housed in — within the thyroid.

A

Follicle

24
Q

The islets of — are the hormone-producing structures in the pancreas that manufacture insulin and —.

A

Langerhans, glucagon

25
Q

Target organs for specific hormones are determined by ——-.

A

Types of receptors on that organ

26
Q

Calcitonin is the hormone produced by the — of the thyroid; — function is the production of the thyroid hormone T3 and T4.

A

Parafollicular cells, follicular cells

27
Q

Iodine deficiency, surgical removal of thyroid, and pituitary tumor can lead —- secretion of TSH.

A

Increase

28
Q

Which hormone causes ovulation in women and simulates the ovary to secrete progesterone ?

A

Luteinizing hormone

29
Q

Which hormone controls water balance by causing uptake of sodium ion, followed by water reabsorption in kidney?

A

Aldosterone

30
Q

The rate of metabolism of all body cells is regulated by —.

A

Thyroid hormone

ANAT 14 (16 decks)

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