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ANAT 14 > Ch1 > Flashcards

Ch1 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the study of how the body and its parts work or function?

A

Physiology

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1
Q

What is the study of structure and shape of body?

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Why would you have a hard time learning and understanding physiology if you did not also understand anatomy?

A

Anatomy and physiology are related. A given function can occur only if the corresponding structure allows it.

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3
Q

Kidney function, bone growth, and beating of the heart are all topics of anatomy. True or false?

A

False. They are all topics of physiology.

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4
Q

What are the six levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain how they are related?

A 
Chemical level (Atom, Molecule)
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
Organ system level
Organisms level
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5
Q

What are the names of organ system of body, and briefly state the major function of each system?

A

Cardiovascular, skeletal, lymphatic, digestive, urinary, reproductive, nervous, muscular, respiratory, endocrine, integumentary system.

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6
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

Studying large part in anatomical levels.

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7
Q

What is microscopic anatomy?

A

Very small structure

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8
Q

What is the organ system that forms the external body system?

A

Integumentary system.

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9
Q

In which organ system is cutaneous nerve receptors located?

A

Integumentary system

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10
Q

What are four functions of integumentary system?

A
  • forms external body system
  • regulate temperature
  • protect deep tissues
  • location of cutaneous nerve receptor
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11
Q

What are the function of skeletal system?

A
  • protect and support body organs
  • provide muscle attachment
  • site for blood formation
  • stores minerals
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12
Q

What are the functions of muscular system?

A
  • maintain posture
  • produce movement
  • produce heat
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13
Q

What is fast acting control system in our body system?

A

Nervous system

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14
Q

Which body system activates muscles and glands?

A

Nervous system

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15
Q

What are the functions of endocrine system?

A

Secrete regulatory hormones : growth, reproduction, metabolism

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16
Q

What are the functions of cardiovascular system?

A

Transports materials in body by blood pumped by heart.

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17
Q

Which organ system returns fluids to blood vessels?

A

Lymphatic system

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18
Q

What are the functions of lymphatic system ?

A
  • returns fluids to blood vessels

- involved in immunity

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19
Q

Which organ system keeps blood supplied with oxygen?

A

Respiratory system

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20
Q

What are the functions of respiratory system?

A
  • keeps blood supplied with oxygen

- removes carbon dioxide

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21
Q

Which organ system eliminates indigestive materials?

A

Digestive system

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22
Q

What are the functions of digestive system?

A
  • break down food
  • absorb nutrients into blood
  • eliminate indigestive materials
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23
Q

Which organ system maintain acid-base balance ?

A

Urinary system

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24
Q

What are the functions of urinary system?

A
  • eliminate nitrogenous wastes
  • maintain acid- base balance
  • regulate water and electrolyte
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25
Q

What are the functions of reproductive system?

A

Produce offsprings

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26
Q

Which organ system stores minerals?

A

Skeletal system

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27
Q

What are the four main materials that cardiovascular system transports in body via blood pumped by heart?

A

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nutrients
Wastes

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28
Q

What do we need in order to keep life function ?

A 
Maintain boundary 
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
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29
Q

What does growth mean in necessary life function?

A

Increase cell size and number of cells

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30
Q

What does movement mean in necessary life function?

A

Locomotion

Movement of substances

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31
Q

Why metabolism is necessary for life function?

A

Because it produces energy and makes body structure

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32
Q

What do we need to survive?

A 
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Stable body temperature 
Atmospheric pressure
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33
Q

Why do we need water to survive?

A

Water consists of 60-80% of body weight

It provided for metabolic reaction

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34
Q

What does homeostasis mean?

A

Maintain stable internal environment

35
Q

What would result from disturbance (imbalance)of homeostasis ?

A

Disease

36
Q

What is necessary for normal body functioning and sustain life?

A

Homeostasis

37
Q

What are the elements of a homeostic control system?

A
  1. Stimulus - 2. Receptor -3. Control center -4. Effector - ( negative feedback/positive feedback)
38
Q

What is it called to have a homeostasis that cause disease?

A

Homeostasis imbalance

39
Q

How to maintain homeostasis ？

A

The body communicates through neural and hormonal control system

40
Q

If this control system were regulating room temperature, what apparatus world be effector?

A

The heat generating furnace or oil burner

41
Q

What is Positive feedback of homeostatic control system?

A
  • increase the original stimulus to push the variable farther
  • examples are : blood clotting, the birth of baby
42
Q

What types of homeostatic control system feedback is as following ?

  • most homeostatic control mechanism
  • shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity
  • works like bs household thermostat
A

Negative feedback

43
Q

Why do we use special terminology for anatomy?

A 
To prevent misunderstanding
 Exact terms used for 
 - position
 - region
 - direction
 - structure
44
Q

What is term for forearm?

A

Antebrachial

45
Q

What is term for thigh?

A

Femoral

46
Q

Skeletal system contains —,—,—.

A

Cartilage, joint, bone

47
Q

Which organ system provides a site for blood cell formation?

A

Skeletal system

48
Q

Which organ system helps to maintain posture?

A

Muscular system

49
Q

Which organ system produced heat?

A

Muscular system

50
Q

Which organ system activates muscles and glands?

A

Nervous system

51
Q

What does nervous system contains?

A

Brain, spinal cords, nerves, secondary receptor

52
Q

Endocrine system secretes regulatory hormone in order for —-, —, —.

A

Growth, reproduction, metabolism

53
Q

Which organ system does pancreas belong to?

A

Endocrine system

54
Q

What organs does cardiovascular system contain?

A

Heart, blood vessels

55
Q

Which organ system returns fluids to blood vessels?

A

Lymphatic system

56
Q

Which organs are contained in lymphatic system?

A

Thoracic duct, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels

57
Q

Which organ system removes carbon dioxide I our body?

A

Respiratory system

58
Q

Which organ system eliminates indigestive materials?

A

Digestive system

59
Q

Which organ system maintains acid-base balance?

A

Urinary system

60
Q

Which organ system regulates water and electrolytes?

A

Urinary system

61
Q

At which level of structural organization is the stomach? At which level is a glucose molecule?

A

Organ level

Chemical level

62
Q

List eight functions that humans must perform to maintain life.

A 
Movement
Responsiveness or irritability
Maintain boundary
Digestion
Metabolism
Reproduction
Growth
Excretion
63
Q

List the five survival needs of human body.

A 
Water
Oxygen
Nutrition
Normal body temperature
Appropriate atmospheric pressure
64
Q

What is the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can be absorbed into blood?

A

Digestion

*metabolism is a broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells.

65
Q

What is it called to increase in size usually by increase in the number of cells?

A

Growth

66
Q

What are the three components of homeostatic control mechanism?

A

Receptor, control center, effector

Respond, assess, activate

67
Q

Most of homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms. True or False?

A

True

Negative feedback mechanisms regulate heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and blood levels of glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and minerals.

68
Q

Positive feedback mechanisms tent to (decrease or increase) original disturbance (stimulus) and to push variables (closer or farther) from its original value.

A

Increase
Farther

Example: blood clotting, birth

69
Q

What is it called that we assume the body is always in a standard position to avoid confusion?

A

Anatomical position

70
Q

Illustrate the face-front anatomical position

A

The body is erect with feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward.

71
Q

Homeostasis is dynamic state of equilibrium.

True or false?

A

True

72
Q

What are two subdivisions of the dorsal cavity?

A

Cranial cavity

Spinal cavity

73
Q

What is the dorm shaped muscle that separates thoracic cavity from the rest of ventral cavity ?

A

Diaphragm

74
Q

What organs are in the thoracic cavity?

A

Lungs, heart, and others

75
Q

What region does separates the lungs into right and left cavities in the thoracic cavity?

A

Mediastinum

76
Q

If you want to spectate thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity of a cadaver, which type of section would you make?

A

A transverse section

77
Q

Of a spinal cord, small intestine, uterus, and heart, which are in the dorsal body cavity?

A

Only spinal cord

78
Q

Joe went to the emergency rm where he complained of severe pain in the lower right quadrant of his abdomen. What might be his problem?

A

Might be appendicitis

79
Q

What is used to see sizes and relationships of body parts?

A

Observation

80
Q

Structure determined by what — can occur; therefore, if the structure changes, the — must also be changed.

A

Function

81
Q

Homeostasis is necessary for — and —.

A

Survival

Good health

82
Q

What is the most homeostasis control system to act at reduce or stop the initial stimulus?

A

Negative feedback

83
Q

What are the major structures of diencephalon ?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

84
Q

What would be the consequence of blocked arachnoid villi?

A

Hydrocephalus. The ventricles would expand as cerebrospinal fluid accumulates.
Unable to drain into dural sinus

ANAT 14 (16 decks)

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