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ANAT 14 > Ch5 > Flashcards

Ch5 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Support, protection, storage, blood cell formation, movement

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1
Q

A fracture is treated by —, which is realignment of the broken bone ends.

A

Reduction

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2
Q

Bone remodeling is performed by — and —.

A

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts

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3
Q

The skull bones are joined by —. Only the — is attached by a free movable joint.

A

Sutures, mandible

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4
Q

Which bone has the cribriform plate and crustal galli?

A

Ethmoid bone

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5
Q

What are the two basic types of bone tissue?

A

Compact bone, sponge bone

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6
Q

Name three major parts of long bone

A

Diaphysis-composed of compact bone
Epiphysis-mostly sponge bone
Periosteum-fibrous connective tissue membrane

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7
Q

Which part of long bone carries blood vessels and nerves from one osteon to the other?

A

Perforating (Volkman’s) canal

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8
Q

In bone structure, What is the cavities that is arranged in concentric rings and contains bone cell (osteocytes)?

A

Lacunae

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9
Q

Body weight is carried mostly by the two largest tarsals, the — and the —.

A

Calcaneus, talus

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10
Q

What are the major functions of the joints?

A

Bone binding, mobility

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11
Q

The process of returning the dislocated bone to its proper position is called —.

A

Reduction

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12
Q

What is the best example of a saddle joint?

A

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

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13
Q

Which spinal curvatures are present at birth?

A

Thoracic and sacral curvature

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14
Q

Which regions of skeleton grow most rapidly during childhood?

A

Lower limbs and facial skeleton

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15
Q

The organic parts of the matrix make bone flexible; — deposited in the matrix make bone hard.

A

Calcium salts

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16
Q

What are composed of skeletal system?

A

Bone(skeleton), joints, cartilages, ligaments

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17
Q

What are the two basic type of Osseous?

A

Compact bone, sponge bone

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18
Q

What are the classification of bones based on size and shape?

A

Long bone, short bone (sesamoid), flat bone, irregular bone

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19
Q

What is fibrous connective tissue membrane that protects and covers diaphysis?

A

Periosteum

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20
Q

What covers external surface instead of periosteum which prevents friction as it creates smooth and glassy surface.

A

Articular cartilage

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21
Q

What is another name of osteon?

A

Haversian system

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22
Q

What is the communicating pathway from the outside of the bone to the interior?

A

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal

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23
Q

What is called for the process of bone formation?

A

Ossification

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24
Q

Most bones develop from hyaline cartilage except flat bones that form on —-.

A

Fibrous membrane

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25
Q

Hyaline cartilage converted to bone by —, except two regions, — and —.

A

Osteoblasts, epiphyseal plates, articular cartilage

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26
Q

Bones are remodeled continuously in response to — and —.

A

Calcium level in blood, the pull of gravity and muscle

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27
Q

What is the process of repair of bone fracture?

A

Hematoma forms- fibrocartilage callus forms (growth of new capillaries (granulation tissue)) - the bony callus forms - bone remodeling occur

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28
Q

A fracture is treated by — and —.

A

Reduction, realignment

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29
Q

Which structure of bones are in axial skeleton?

A

Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, hyoid bone

30
Q

Which structure of bones are in appendicular skeleton ?

A

Shoulder girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs

31
Q

Where can be osteocytes found?

A

Within the matrix in Lacunae ( tiny cavities arranged in lamellae of osteon)

32
Q

Skeleton is formed from two strongest and most supportive tissue in the body, which are — and —.

A

Bone, cartilage

33
Q

When calcium level in blood is low — activates — to break down bone matrix and release calcium ions.

A

PTH, osteoclasts

34
Q

What is the relationship btw muscles and bones?

A

Muscles use bones as levers to bring about body movements.

35
Q

Bones don’t begin with bone. What do they begin with?

A

Membranes or cartilages

36
Q

What bone articulates with every other facial bones (except mandible)?

A

The maxilla

37
Q

What is the bone that is not articulated directly with any bone, but close related to temporal and mandible bones?

A

Hyoid bone

38
Q

What is the functions of Hyoid bone?

A

Attachment site for neck muscle, movable base for tongue

39
Q

What are the functions of intervertebral cartilages?

A

Absorb shock, allow spine flexibility

40
Q

What are functions of vertebral column?

A

Support skull, protect & support spinal cord

41
Q

What is the characteristics of C1?

A

Atlas has nobody.
Large depression on both transverse process to receive occipital condyles.
Allows to nod “yes”

42
Q

What is the characteristics of C2?

A

Axis acts as a pivot for the rotation of atlas above.

The large upright process and dens act as the pivot point “no”.

43
Q

What bones composed of vertebral column?

A 
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
44
Q

Which organs are protected by thoracic cage?

A

Heart, lungs, blood vessels

45
Q

What makes up the bony thorax?

A

Sternum, ribs, thoracic vertevrae

46
Q

Sternum is the result of which three bones?

A

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

47
Q

What bone class do the ribs and skull bones fall into?

A

Flat bone

48
Q

Where are the carpals found, and what types of bone are they?

A

Wrist

Short bone

49
Q

Pelvic girdle forms by two — and —.

A

Coxal bones, or ossa coxa (hip bone)

Sacrum

50
Q

What forms pelvis, which is bony pelvis?

A

Pelvic girdle (hip bone and sacrum) and coccyx

51
Q

A hip bone. Is formed by fusion of —, —, and —.

A

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

52
Q

Characteristics of female pelvis

A

Inlet is larger and more circular
As a whole, shallower, bone is lighter & thinner
Ilia flare more laterally
Sacrum is shorter and less curved
Ischial spine are shorter and far apart-larger outlet
Pubic arch is more rounded. Angle is greater

53
Q

What are the functions of joint?

A

Hold the bones together

Give the rigid skeleton mobility

54
Q

What are the functional classification of joint?

A

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

55
Q

What is the structural classification of joint?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial joint

56
Q

Characteristics of synovial joint

A
  1. Joint cavity
  2. Synovial fluid
  3. Surrounded by capsule
  4. Articular (hyaline) cartilage
  5. Reinforcing ligament to stabilize joint

They account for all joints of the limbs

57
Q

A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is —.

A

Canaliculus

58
Q

Bones articulate with sphenoid include ———–.

A

Zygomaticus, parietal, vomer, maxillae, ethmoid

59
Q

The part of thoracic vertebrae that articulate with the ribs are — and —.

A

Transverse process, body

60
Q

Bone parts articulate with the femur?

A

Pubis, patella, tibia

61
Q

Bone marking: Attachment site for muscle or ligament?

A

Trochanter, process

62
Q

Bone marking: forms a joint surface

A

Condyle, facet

63
Q

Bone marking: passageway for vessels or nerve

A

Foramen

64
Q

— is an important cranial landmark, as it houses the pituitary gland.

A

Sella turcica

65
Q

PTH activates — in bone, when blood calcium level drop below homeostatic level.

A

Osteoclasts

66
Q

In an osteon, bone cells are arranged in concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called —.

A

Haversian canals

67
Q

The glenoid cavity is located where ——–.

A

Humerus articulates with the scapula

68
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints are examples of synovial joint, based on shape?

A

Condylar joint

69
Q

A smooth, smallish, nearly flat surface of a bone is called —.

A

Facet

70
Q

What are the names of two types of bone tissue?

A

Compact, sponge

71
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases — into sarcoplasm during —.

A

Calcium, contraction

72
Q

The primary function of the flexor carpi ulnar is muscles are ——.

A

Flex the wrist and adduct the hand

ANAT 14 (16 decks)

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