Ch5 Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Support, protection, storage, blood cell formation, movement
A fracture is treated by —, which is realignment of the broken bone ends.
Reduction
Bone remodeling is performed by — and —.
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts
The skull bones are joined by —. Only the — is attached by a free movable joint.
Sutures, mandible
Which bone has the cribriform plate and crustal galli?
Ethmoid bone
What are the two basic types of bone tissue?
Compact bone, sponge bone
Name three major parts of long bone
Diaphysis-composed of compact bone
Epiphysis-mostly sponge bone
Periosteum-fibrous connective tissue membrane
Which part of long bone carries blood vessels and nerves from one osteon to the other?
Perforating (Volkman’s) canal
In bone structure, What is the cavities that is arranged in concentric rings and contains bone cell (osteocytes)?
Lacunae
Body weight is carried mostly by the two largest tarsals, the — and the —.
Calcaneus, talus
What are the major functions of the joints?
Bone binding, mobility
The process of returning the dislocated bone to its proper position is called —.
Reduction
What is the best example of a saddle joint?
The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Which spinal curvatures are present at birth?
Thoracic and sacral curvature
Which regions of skeleton grow most rapidly during childhood?
Lower limbs and facial skeleton
The organic parts of the matrix make bone flexible; — deposited in the matrix make bone hard.
Calcium salts
What are composed of skeletal system?
Bone(skeleton), joints, cartilages, ligaments
What are the two basic type of Osseous?
Compact bone, sponge bone
What are the classification of bones based on size and shape?
Long bone, short bone (sesamoid), flat bone, irregular bone
What is fibrous connective tissue membrane that protects and covers diaphysis?
Periosteum
What covers external surface instead of periosteum which prevents friction as it creates smooth and glassy surface.
Articular cartilage
What is another name of osteon?
Haversian system
What is the communicating pathway from the outside of the bone to the interior?
Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal
What is called for the process of bone formation?
Ossification
Most bones develop from hyaline cartilage except flat bones that form on —-.
Fibrous membrane
Hyaline cartilage converted to bone by —, except two regions, — and —.
Osteoblasts, epiphyseal plates, articular cartilage
Bones are remodeled continuously in response to — and —.
Calcium level in blood, the pull of gravity and muscle
What is the process of repair of bone fracture?
Hematoma forms- fibrocartilage callus forms (growth of new capillaries (granulation tissue)) - the bony callus forms - bone remodeling occur
A fracture is treated by — and —.
Reduction, realignment
Which structure of bones are in axial skeleton?
Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, hyoid bone
Which structure of bones are in appendicular skeleton ?
Shoulder girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs
Where can be osteocytes found?
Within the matrix in Lacunae ( tiny cavities arranged in lamellae of osteon)
Skeleton is formed from two strongest and most supportive tissue in the body, which are — and —.
Bone, cartilage
When calcium level in blood is low — activates — to break down bone matrix and release calcium ions.
PTH, osteoclasts
What is the relationship btw muscles and bones?
Muscles use bones as levers to bring about body movements.
Bones don’t begin with bone. What do they begin with?
Membranes or cartilages
What bone articulates with every other facial bones (except mandible)?
The maxilla
What is the bone that is not articulated directly with any bone, but close related to temporal and mandible bones?
Hyoid bone
What is the functions of Hyoid bone?
Attachment site for neck muscle, movable base for tongue
What are the functions of intervertebral cartilages?
Absorb shock, allow spine flexibility
What are functions of vertebral column?
Support skull, protect & support spinal cord
What is the characteristics of C1?
Atlas has nobody.
Large depression on both transverse process to receive occipital condyles.
Allows to nod “yes”
What is the characteristics of C2?
Axis acts as a pivot for the rotation of atlas above.
The large upright process and dens act as the pivot point “no”.
What bones composed of vertebral column?
7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx
Which organs are protected by thoracic cage?
Heart, lungs, blood vessels
What makes up the bony thorax?
Sternum, ribs, thoracic vertevrae
Sternum is the result of which three bones?
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
What bone class do the ribs and skull bones fall into?
Flat bone
Where are the carpals found, and what types of bone are they?
Wrist
Short bone
Pelvic girdle forms by two — and —.
Coxal bones, or ossa coxa (hip bone)
Sacrum
What forms pelvis, which is bony pelvis?
Pelvic girdle (hip bone and sacrum) and coccyx
A hip bone. Is formed by fusion of —, —, and —.
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
Characteristics of female pelvis
Inlet is larger and more circular
As a whole, shallower, bone is lighter & thinner
Ilia flare more laterally
Sacrum is shorter and less curved
Ischial spine are shorter and far apart-larger outlet
Pubic arch is more rounded. Angle is greater
What are the functions of joint?
Hold the bones together
Give the rigid skeleton mobility
What are the functional classification of joint?
Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses
What is the structural classification of joint?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial joint
Characteristics of synovial joint
- Joint cavity
- Synovial fluid
- Surrounded by capsule
- Articular (hyaline) cartilage
- Reinforcing ligament to stabilize joint
They account for all joints of the limbs
A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is —.
Canaliculus
Bones articulate with sphenoid include ———–.
Zygomaticus, parietal, vomer, maxillae, ethmoid
The part of thoracic vertebrae that articulate with the ribs are — and —.
Transverse process, body
Bone parts articulate with the femur?
Pubis, patella, tibia
Bone marking: Attachment site for muscle or ligament?
Trochanter, process
Bone marking: forms a joint surface
Condyle, facet
Bone marking: passageway for vessels or nerve
Foramen
— is an important cranial landmark, as it houses the pituitary gland.
Sella turcica
PTH activates — in bone, when blood calcium level drop below homeostatic level.
Osteoclasts
In an osteon, bone cells are arranged in concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called —.
Haversian canals
The glenoid cavity is located where ——–.
Humerus articulates with the scapula
Metacarpophalangeal joints are examples of synovial joint, based on shape?
Condylar joint
A smooth, smallish, nearly flat surface of a bone is called —.
Facet
What are the names of two types of bone tissue?
Compact, sponge
The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases — into sarcoplasm during —.
Calcium, contraction
The primary function of the flexor carpi ulnar is muscles are ——.
Flex the wrist and adduct the hand
