Ch15

Question 1

Mary lost lots of weight, and suddenly she was having problems with her urine flow. What would you guess happened, and what caused the problem?

Answer 1

Fat helps keep the kidneys anchored against the body trunk wall. When she lost weight, the amount of fat decreased and the kidneys fell to a lower position causing the ureters to kink and inhibit urine flow.

Question 2

Filtrate is collected in the —– and leaves via the —–.

Answer 2

glomerular capsule, renal tubule

Question 3

Most reabsorption occurs in the ——.

Answer 3

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 4

Urine is what remains after the filtrate has lost most of its water, nutrients, and necessary ions; this is what drips off end of collecting ducts into ——.

Answer 4

minor calcyes

Question 5

— contains everything that blood plasma
does (except proteins)

Answer 5

Filtrate

Question 6

— contains nitrogenous wastes and substances that are not needed.

Answer 6

Urine

Question 7

Urine is Yellow color due to the pigment — (from the destruction of hemoglobin) and solutes.

Answer 7

urochrome

Question 8

What are Solutes normally found in urine ?

Answer 8

 Sodium and potassium ions

 Urea, uric acid, creatinine
 Ammonia
 Bicarbonate ions

Question 9

Ureters are Slender tubes attaching the — to the —.

Answer 9

kidney, bladder

Question 10

Urinary bladder has three openings which are ———-.

Answer 10

 Two from the ureters  One to the urethra

Question 11

—- is triangular region of the bladder base.

Answer 11

Trigone

Question 12

Urinary bladder wall is consisted of three layers of smooth muscle collectively called the —-.

Answer 12

detrusor muscle

Question 13

What is thin-walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis?

Answer 13

Urethra

Question 14

What are two sphincters that control the release of urine ?

Answer 14

by Internal urethral sphincter- Involuntary and made of smooth muscle
 External urethral sphincter- Voluntary and made of skeletal muscle

Question 15

What are the roles of Kidneys in maintaining blood composition?

Answer 15

 Excretion of nitrogen-containing wastes (previously discussed)
 Maintaining water balance of the blood
 Maintaining electrolyte balance of the blood  Ensuring proper blood pH

Question 16

What are the structural and functional units of the urinary system ?

Answer 16

nephrons

Question 17

The kidneys are located:

Answer 17

posterior to the peritoneum and in the superior lumbar region.

Question 18

Blood leaving an afferent arteriole would enter ——.

Answer 18

Glomerulus

Question 19

The —– arise from the efferent arteriole, which drains the glomerulus.

Answer 19

peritubular capillaries

Question 20

—- are cells of the inner layer of the glomerular capsule.

—– cells of the wall of the glomerular capillaries.

Answer 20

Podocytes, Simple squamous epithelial cells

Question 21

The bladder wall contains three layers of smooth muscle, collectively known as the ____, and its mucosa consists of ____.

Answer 21

detrusor muscle; transitional epithelium

Question 22

The basic function(s) of the kidney is/are——.

.

Answer 22

to regulate blood volume.
to eliminate nitrogenous wastes.
to help regulate blood pressure

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT located in the renal medulla?

	Collecting duct.
	Glomerular capsule.
	Interlobar artery.
	Renal column.
	Renal pyramid.

Answer 23

Glomerular capsule

Question 24

What are two functions of the renal tubule and one function of the peritubular capillaries?

Answer 24

Renal tubule: carries out tubular reabsorption and secretion

Peritubular capillaries: receive the fluid, nutrients, and needed ions to be returned to the general circulation.

Question 25

Why is the presence of transitional epithelium in the urinary bladder important?

Answer 25

It allows the cavity of the bladder to be increased in volume to store urine when necessary.

Question 26

What are the function of nephron?

Answer 26

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

Question 27

What is filtrate?

Answer 27

Plasma without blood proteins.

Question 28

Filtrate formation is the role of the high-pressure —-.
In reabsorption, done by —-, needed substances are removed from filtrate (amino acid, glucose, water, some ions) and returned to blood.

Answer 28

Glomerulus, tubule cells

The tubule cells also secrete additional substances into filtrate.

Question 29

Microscopic examination of a secretion of the kidney shows a thick-walled vessel with glomeruli scattered in the tissue on one side of the vessel but not on the other side. What vessel is this?

Answer 29

Arcuate artery

Question 30

— is painful urination.

Answer 30

Dysuria

Question 31

How many sphincter are found in the urethra?

Answer 31

2

Question 32

List the pathway of glomerular filtrate through nephron.

Answer 32

Glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-loop of Henle-distal convoluted tubule

Question 33

Podocytes are —-.

Answer 33

Cells of the inner layer of the glomerular capsule.

Walls of capillaries are simple squamous epithelial cells and termed endothelium

Question 34

Starting at the apex of a medullary pyramid, name the sequence through which urine flows to reach the exterior of the body.

Answer 34

Calyx-renal pelvis-ureter-urinary bladder-urethra

Question 35

If one dissected a medullary or renal pyramid, what structure would be found?

Answer 35

Collecting tubule

-calyx is the one of the small extensions of the renal pelvis into which the renal papillae open.

Question 36

The expansion of the ureter into the substance of the kidney forms the —.

Answer 36

Renal pelvis

Cf. the renal hilus is the area on the medial border of the kidney where the renal artery enters the kidney, and the renal vein and ureter leave the kidney.

Question 37

Urine formation requires ——–.

Answer 37

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

Question 38

Where does most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occur?

Answer 38

Proximal convoluted tubule

Cd. The formation of urine flows through Collecting tubules. No reabsorption occurs here.