Ch15 Flashcards
Mary lost lots of weight, and suddenly she was having problems with her urine flow. What would you guess happened, and what caused the problem?
Fat helps keep the kidneys anchored against the body trunk wall. When she lost weight, the amount of fat decreased and the kidneys fell to a lower position causing the ureters to kink and inhibit urine flow.
Filtrate is collected in the —– and leaves via the —–.
glomerular capsule, renal tubule
Most reabsorption occurs in the ——.
proximal convoluted tubule
Urine is what remains after the filtrate has lost most of its water, nutrients, and necessary ions; this is what drips off end of collecting ducts into ——.
minor calcyes
— contains everything that blood plasma
does (except proteins)
Filtrate
— contains nitrogenous wastes and substances that are not needed.
Urine
Urine is Yellow color due to the pigment — (from the destruction of hemoglobin) and solutes.
urochrome
What are Solutes normally found in urine ?
Sodium and potassium ions
Urea, uric acid, creatinine
Ammonia
Bicarbonate ions
Ureters are Slender tubes attaching the — to the —.
kidney, bladder
Urinary bladder has three openings which are ———-.
Two from the ureters One to the urethra
—- is triangular region of the bladder base.
Trigone
Urinary bladder wall is consisted of three layers of smooth muscle collectively called the —-.
detrusor muscle
What is thin-walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis?
Urethra
What are two sphincters that control the release of urine ?
by Internal urethral sphincter- Involuntary and made of smooth muscle
External urethral sphincter- Voluntary and made of skeletal muscle
What are the roles of Kidneys in maintaining blood composition?
Excretion of nitrogen-containing wastes (previously discussed)
Maintaining water balance of the blood
Maintaining electrolyte balance of the blood Ensuring proper blood pH
What are the structural and functional units of the urinary system ?
nephrons
The kidneys are located:
posterior to the peritoneum and in the superior lumbar region.
Blood leaving an afferent arteriole would enter ——.
Glomerulus
The —– arise from the efferent arteriole, which drains the glomerulus.
peritubular capillaries
—- are cells of the inner layer of the glomerular capsule.
—– cells of the wall of the glomerular capillaries.
Podocytes, Simple squamous epithelial cells
The bladder wall contains three layers of smooth muscle, collectively known as the ____, and its mucosa consists of ____.
detrusor muscle; transitional epithelium
The basic function(s) of the kidney is/are——.
.
to regulate blood volume.
to eliminate nitrogenous wastes.
to help regulate blood pressure
Which of the following is NOT located in the renal medulla?
Collecting duct. Glomerular capsule. Interlobar artery. Renal column. Renal pyramid.
Glomerular capsule
What are two functions of the renal tubule and one function of the peritubular capillaries?
Renal tubule: carries out tubular reabsorption and secretion
Peritubular capillaries: receive the fluid, nutrients, and needed ions to be returned to the general circulation.
Why is the presence of transitional epithelium in the urinary bladder important?
It allows the cavity of the bladder to be increased in volume to store urine when necessary.
What are the function of nephron?
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
What is filtrate?
Plasma without blood proteins.
Filtrate formation is the role of the high-pressure —-.
In reabsorption, done by —-, needed substances are removed from filtrate (amino acid, glucose, water, some ions) and returned to blood.
Glomerulus, tubule cells
The tubule cells also secrete additional substances into filtrate.
Microscopic examination of a secretion of the kidney shows a thick-walled vessel with glomeruli scattered in the tissue on one side of the vessel but not on the other side. What vessel is this?
Arcuate artery
— is painful urination.
Dysuria
How many sphincter are found in the urethra?
2
List the pathway of glomerular filtrate through nephron.
Glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-loop of Henle-distal convoluted tubule
Podocytes are —-.
Cells of the inner layer of the glomerular capsule.
Walls of capillaries are simple squamous epithelial cells and termed endothelium
Starting at the apex of a medullary pyramid, name the sequence through which urine flows to reach the exterior of the body.
Calyx-renal pelvis-ureter-urinary bladder-urethra
If one dissected a medullary or renal pyramid, what structure would be found?
Collecting tubule
-calyx is the one of the small extensions of the renal pelvis into which the renal papillae open.
The expansion of the ureter into the substance of the kidney forms the —.
Renal pelvis
Cf. the renal hilus is the area on the medial border of the kidney where the renal artery enters the kidney, and the renal vein and ureter leave the kidney.
Urine formation requires ——–.
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
Where does most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occur?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Cd. The formation of urine flows through Collecting tubules. No reabsorption occurs here.
