Ch.13 Flashcards
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the —.
palate
What part of body is the Site of speech production?
Larynx
Larynx is consist of hyaline cartilages and a spoon-shaped flap of elastic cartilage called —.
Epiglottis
What are the functions of the respiratory mucosa in the nasal cavity?
Moisten air
Heat air
Trap incoming foreign particles
What is a lipid molecule produced by septal cells, coats gas-exposed alveolar surfaces?
Surfactant
Which bronchus is the most likely site for an inhaled object to become lodged? Why?
Right bronchus because it is shorter, straighter, and larger.
The lungs are mostly passageways and elastic tissue. What is the role of the passageways? Of elastic tissue?
The passageway conducts air.
The elastic tissue allows lungs to recoil passively when exhaling, saving energy.
Name the 4 structures that make up the respiratory zone.
Alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli, respiratory bronchioles
Pulmonary ventilation (breathing) is a Completely mechanical process that depends on ——- in the thoracic cavity
volume changes
What causes air to flow out of the lungs during expiration?
Increased air pressure in the lungs as they recoil.
Normal pressure within the pleural space is always — (intrapleural pressure)
Negative
— is reversed by drawing air out of the intrapleural space with chest tubes, which allows the lungs to reinflate and resume its normal function. It is the presence of air in the intrapleural space, which disrupts the fluid bond between the pleurae.
Pneumothorax
Which is the largest respiratory volume, and the smallest- ERV, IRV, TV, or VC?
VC is the largest and TV is the smallest.
Which type of cellular transport moves respiratory gases between the blood and the body’s cells?
Diffusion
What is the major form in which CO2 is transported in the blood?
Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)
What is the most important factors that can modify respiratory rate and depth?
The levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood.
The body’s need to rid itself of CO2 is the most important stimuli. ( increased CO2 and decreased blood pH)
Paranasal cavity and nasolacrimal ducts drain into the ——-.
Nasal cavity
——- is nonexchangible respiratory volume and allows gas exchange to go on continuously.
Residual volume
During inspiration, intrapulmonary pressure is
—-———.
Less than atmosphere pressure
Greater than intrapleural pressure
Lung collapse prevented by ———-.
Adhesion of pleural membrane.
What are the respiratory membrane ?
Alveolar walls, alveolar pores, pulmonary capillaries
What is external respiration?
Gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli (O2 is loaded into blood, CO2 is unloaded from the blood)
What is internal respiration?
Gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries
(Actual use of O2 and production of CO2 by tissue s via cellular respiration)
— is the loss of negative pressure in pleural cavity that causes the lungs to collapse.
Pneumothorax
Most CO2 is transported in the — as —.
Plasma, bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
A normal tidal volume is about — ml, and it represents ——–.
500 the amount of air moved into and out of the lungs with each breath.
Main respiratory muscles are — and —.
Diaphragm, external intercostals
The — capacity is the total amount of the exchangeable air in the lung.
Vital
The respiratory membrane, air-blood barrier, consists of —, —, —.
Alveolar wall
Alveolar pores
Pulmonary capillaries
4 events of respiration:
Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration (blood & alveoli)
Respiratory gas transport
Internal respiration (blood & tissue cells in systemic capillaries)
What is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs called?
Vital capacity
Cf. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after a tidal volume.
What is the term for difficult or labored breathing?
Dyspnea
What is hypoxia?
A condition characterized by inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissues.
What is vital capacity?
It is the amount of air taken in and released during a normal breath.
