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ANAT 14 > Ch14 > Flashcards

Ch14 Flashcards

1
Q

In which organ of alimentary canal does protein digestion begin?

A

Stomach

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2
Q

The —- controls food movement from the stomach into the small intestine and prevent small intestine from being overwhelmed.

A

Pyloric sphincter

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3
Q

What substance forms the bulk of the tooth?

A

Dentin

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4
Q

What is the normal number of permanent teeth?

A

32

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5
Q

Digestion of which type of food would be affected by decreased secretion of saliva?

A

Starch

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6
Q

Only one organ produces enzymes capable of digesting all groups of food. Which organ is this?

A

Pancreas

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7
Q

What is the digestive role of bile?

A

Emulsify fats by physically breaking down larger fat globules into smaller ones.

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8
Q

For absorption to occur, the digested foods must first enter — by active or passive transport processes.

A

Mucosal cells

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9
Q

What happens during the buccal stage of swallowing?

A

This is the voluntary stage in which the chewed food is pushed into the pharynx by the tongue.

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10
Q

What is brush border enzymes?

A

Enzymes located on microvilli of intestinal absorptive cells.

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11
Q

Alimentary canal has four main tissue layers, which are ——–.

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa

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12
Q

The — is a muscular tube that provides a passageway for food and air.

A

Pharynx

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13
Q

The — is a muscular tube that completes the passageway from the pharynx to the stomach.

A

Esophagus

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14
Q

Food enters the stomach through the — and leaves it to enter the small intestine through the —.

A

Cardio esophageal sphincter

Pyloric sphincter

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15
Q

What does the gastric glands produce?

A

Hydrochloric acid, pepsin, rennin, mucus, gastric, and intrinsic factors.

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16
Q

What are subdivisions of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

17
Q

What contributed to increase surface area of the small intestine?

A

Microvilli, villi, and circular folds

18
Q

What are the building blocks of the following ?
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats

A

Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Fatty acid and glycerol

19
Q

What are two phases of swallowing?

A
  1. Buccal phase- voluntary. Tongue pushes bolus into pharynx
  2. Pharyngeal esophageal phase-involuntary. The closing of nasal and respiratory passages and conduct food to stomach by peristalsis
20
Q

— are absorbed by diffusion into both — and —.

A

Capillary blood

Lacteals in the villi

21
Q

The pH of chyme entering the duodenum is adjusted by

  1. Bile
  2. Intestinal juice
  3. Enzyme secretions from the pancreas
  4. Bicarbonate-rich secretions from the pancreas
A
  1. Bicarbonate-rich secretions from the pancreas
22
Q

Where in the stomach do the strongest peristaltic waves occur?

  1. Body
  2. Fundus
  3. Cardiac region
  4. Pylorus
A
  1. Pylorus
23
Q

What are the two alimentary canal nerve plexus?

A

Submucosal nerve plexus
Myenteric nerve plexus

Both regulate mobility and secretion activities of the GI tract organs. Autonomic nervous system.

24
Q 
Functions of cells in gastric glands:
Mucous neck cells-
Parietal cells-
Chief cells-
Enteroendocrine cells-
A

Mucous neck cells-sticky alkaline mucus
Parietal cells-HCL
Chief cells-pepsinogen
Enteroendocrine cells-gastrin

25
Q

Ileum extends from jejunum to large intestine at the —–, which joins small and large intestine.

A

Ileocecal valve

26
Q

the muscularis externa of the large intestine, is reduced to 3 bands of muscle called ——.

A

Teniae coli

These bands cause the wall to pucker into haustra (pocket like sac).

27
Q

What is the name of the little tabs of fat hanging off the large intestine walk?

A

Epiploic appendages

28
Q

What are the two sets of teeth?

A

Deciduous teeth

Permanent teeth

29
Q

Liver is connected to gallbladder via ——.

A

Common hepatic duct

30
Q

What are the composition of bile?

A 
Bile salt
Bile pigment 
Cholesterol 
Electrolyte 
Phospholipid
31
Q

Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors involved in the reflexes and respond to —, —, —.

A

Stretch of organs,
pH level
Presence of breakdown products

32
Q

Which layer of the alimentary canal contains the lamina propria?

A

Mucosa

33
Q

In a broad sense, digestion of food is ——-.

A

Take place “outside” the body proper and actually enters the body via the process of absorption.

34
Q

Gastrin, secreted by the gastric and duodenum mucosa, acts to ——.

A

Increase the secretion of gastric glands.

35
Q

Which of following terms is defined as “the transport of digested end products from the lumen of the GI tract to the blood or lymph?”

A

Absorption

ANAT 14 (16 decks)

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