Ch14 Flashcards
In which organ of alimentary canal does protein digestion begin?
Stomach
The —- controls food movement from the stomach into the small intestine and prevent small intestine from being overwhelmed.
Pyloric sphincter
What substance forms the bulk of the tooth?
Dentin
What is the normal number of permanent teeth?
32
Digestion of which type of food would be affected by decreased secretion of saliva?
Starch
Only one organ produces enzymes capable of digesting all groups of food. Which organ is this?
Pancreas
What is the digestive role of bile?
Emulsify fats by physically breaking down larger fat globules into smaller ones.
For absorption to occur, the digested foods must first enter — by active or passive transport processes.
Mucosal cells
What happens during the buccal stage of swallowing?
This is the voluntary stage in which the chewed food is pushed into the pharynx by the tongue.
What is brush border enzymes?
Enzymes located on microvilli of intestinal absorptive cells.
Alimentary canal has four main tissue layers, which are ——–.
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa
The — is a muscular tube that provides a passageway for food and air.
Pharynx
The — is a muscular tube that completes the passageway from the pharynx to the stomach.
Esophagus
Food enters the stomach through the — and leaves it to enter the small intestine through the —.
Cardio esophageal sphincter
Pyloric sphincter
What does the gastric glands produce?
Hydrochloric acid, pepsin, rennin, mucus, gastric, and intrinsic factors.
What are subdivisions of the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
What contributed to increase surface area of the small intestine?
Microvilli, villi, and circular folds
What are the building blocks of the following ?
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats
Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Fatty acid and glycerol
What are two phases of swallowing?
- Buccal phase- voluntary. Tongue pushes bolus into pharynx
- Pharyngeal esophageal phase-involuntary. The closing of nasal and respiratory passages and conduct food to stomach by peristalsis
— are absorbed by diffusion into both — and —.
Capillary blood
Lacteals in the villi
The pH of chyme entering the duodenum is adjusted by
- Bile
- Intestinal juice
- Enzyme secretions from the pancreas
- Bicarbonate-rich secretions from the pancreas
- Bicarbonate-rich secretions from the pancreas
Where in the stomach do the strongest peristaltic waves occur?
- Body
- Fundus
- Cardiac region
- Pylorus
- Pylorus
What are the two alimentary canal nerve plexus?
Submucosal nerve plexus
Myenteric nerve plexus
Both regulate mobility and secretion activities of the GI tract organs. Autonomic nervous system.
Functions of cells in gastric glands: Mucous neck cells- Parietal cells- Chief cells- Enteroendocrine cells-
Mucous neck cells-sticky alkaline mucus
Parietal cells-HCL
Chief cells-pepsinogen
Enteroendocrine cells-gastrin
Ileum extends from jejunum to large intestine at the —–, which joins small and large intestine.
Ileocecal valve
the muscularis externa of the large intestine, is reduced to 3 bands of muscle called ——.
Teniae coli
These bands cause the wall to pucker into haustra (pocket like sac).
What is the name of the little tabs of fat hanging off the large intestine walk?
Epiploic appendages
What are the two sets of teeth?
Deciduous teeth
Permanent teeth
Liver is connected to gallbladder via ——.
Common hepatic duct
What are the composition of bile?
Bile salt Bile pigment Cholesterol Electrolyte Phospholipid
Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors involved in the reflexes and respond to —, —, —.
Stretch of organs,
pH level
Presence of breakdown products
Which layer of the alimentary canal contains the lamina propria?
Mucosa
In a broad sense, digestion of food is ——-.
Take place “outside” the body proper and actually enters the body via the process of absorption.
Gastrin, secreted by the gastric and duodenum mucosa, acts to ——.
Increase the secretion of gastric glands.
Which of following terms is defined as “the transport of digested end products from the lumen of the GI tract to the blood or lymph?”
Absorption
