Ch11 Flashcards
The venous blood from the brain does not simply drain into one vein and exit the head. Instead, it drains into spaces between the two layers of the dura mater called —, which in turn drain into the ——–.
Dural sinuses, internal jugular vein
What is the most important factor affecting stroke volume?
Venous return
The heart, located in the —, is flanked laterally by the — and enclosed in a —.
Thorax, lungs, pericardium
Myocardium is composed of ——-.
Cardiac muscle
The heart has four chambers - two Altria and two ventricles, each lined with —.
The heart is divided longitudinally by a —.
Endocardium, septum
The AV valves (—, —) prevent backflow into the — when the ventricles are —.
Mitral, tricuspid, atria, contracting
The semilunar valves prevent backflow into the —, when the heart is —.
Ventricles, relaxing
The valves open and close in response to —.
Pressure change in the heart
The myocardium is nourished by the coronary circulation, which consists of the right and left coronary arteries and branches, and is drained by the — and the —.
Cardiac veins, coronary sinus
The intrinsic system increases the rate of heart contraction and ensures the heart beats as a unit. The —- is the heart’s pacemaker.
Sinus node
Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute, is the product of — x —.
Heart rate, stroke volume
— is the amount of blood ejected by a ventricle with each beat.
Stroke volume
SV rises or falls with the ——–.
Volume of venous return
Heart rate is influenced by —, —, —.
Nerves of the autonomic nervous system,
Drugs (and other chemicals),
Ion level in the blood
In blood vessels, only — play a role in actual exchanges with tissue cells.
Capillaries
Except for capillaries, blood vessels are composed of three tunics: —, —, —.
Tunica intima, (friction reducing lining) Tunica media, (elastic tissue) Tunica externa (connective tissue)
Capillary beds have two types of vessels : — and —, the entrances to which are guarded by precapillary sphincters.
vascular shunt, true capillaries
Exchanges with tissue cells occur across the walls of the —–. When precapillary sphincters are closed, blood bypasses the local area via the —.
True capillaries, vascular shunt
—–, a structural defect due to incompetent valves, is a common vascular problem. It is a predicting factor for —.
Varicose vein, thrombophlebitis
All veins above the — drain into superior vena cava, and those below the — drain into inferior vena cava.
Both venae cavae enter the — of the heart.
Diaphragm, diaphragm
Right atrium
The arterial circulation of the brain is formed by branches of paired — and —.
The circle of Willis provides alternative routes for blood flow in case of a blockage in the brain’s arterial supply.
Vertebral. Internal carotid arteries.
Fetal circulation consists primarily of three special vessels: — and —.
Shunts bypassing the — and — are also present.
The single umbilical vein
Two umbilical arteries
Lungs, liver
Hepatic portal circulation is formed by veins draining from the —, which empty into the hepatic portal vein.
Digestive organs
The — is the alternative expansion and recoil of a blood vessel wall (the pressure wave) that occurs as heart beats.
Pulse
The most important factors increasing peripheral resistance are a decrease in the —- or —- of the arteries and arterioles, and an increase in —.
Diameter, stretchiness, blood viscosity
Substances move to and from the blood through —. Fluid is forced from the bloodstream by — and drawn back into the blood by —.
Capillary walls, blood pressure, osmotic pressure
The brain is supplied by two arteries: —, —.
Vertebral artery and internal carotid artery
Which artery supplies blood in the abdominal area?
Celiac trunk
In most body regions, a capillary bed consists of which types of vessels?
A vascular shunt, true capillaries
—– tightened in order to prevent valves from flaps from everting into atria.
Chordae tendineae
A venules of the capillary beds, blood pressure is — osmotic pressure, and blood flows — interstitial fluids.
Less than, from
Sequence:
SA node-AV node - atrioventricular bundle - —.
Purkinje fiber
The layer of serous membrane that covers the heart and lies closest to the sternum is the —.
Parietal Pericardium
The umbilical — carries oxygen and foods from — to —.
Vein, placenta, fetus
At the arterial end of capillaries, blood pressure is — than osmotic pressure, and fluid flows — the capillary.
More, out of
Name the conductile tissue in the heart located on the right atrium that has the highest rate of depolarization in the heart.
SA node ( sinoatrial)
What effect does the vagus nerve have on heart?
Slow steady heartbeat resulting in a strong heartbeat
The vagus nerve slows down the heart rate
