Ch11

Question 0

The venous blood from the brain does not simply drain into one vein and exit the head. Instead, it drains into spaces between the two layers of the dura mater called —, which in turn drain into the ——–.

Answer 0

Dural sinuses, internal jugular vein

Question 1

What is the most important factor affecting stroke volume?

Answer 1

Venous return

Question 2

The heart, located in the —, is flanked laterally by the — and enclosed in a —.

Answer 2

Thorax, lungs, pericardium

Question 3

Myocardium is composed of ——-.

Answer 3

Cardiac muscle

Question 4

The heart has four chambers - two Altria and two ventricles, each lined with —.
The heart is divided longitudinally by a —.

Answer 4

Endocardium, septum

Question 5

The AV valves (—, —) prevent backflow into the — when the ventricles are —.

Answer 5

Mitral, tricuspid, atria, contracting

Question 6

The semilunar valves prevent backflow into the —, when the heart is —.

Answer 6

Ventricles, relaxing

Question 7

The valves open and close in response to —.

Answer 7

Pressure change in the heart

Question 8

The myocardium is nourished by the coronary circulation, which consists of the right and left coronary arteries and branches, and is drained by the — and the —.

Answer 8

Cardiac veins, coronary sinus

Question 9

The intrinsic system increases the rate of heart contraction and ensures the heart beats as a unit. The —- is the heart’s pacemaker.

Answer 9

Sinus node

Question 10

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute, is the product of — x —.

Answer 10

Heart rate, stroke volume

Question 11

— is the amount of blood ejected by a ventricle with each beat.

Answer 11

Stroke volume

Question 12

SV rises or falls with the ——–.

Answer 12

Volume of venous return

Question 13

Heart rate is influenced by —, —, —.

Answer 13

Nerves of the autonomic nervous system,
Drugs (and other chemicals),
Ion level in the blood

Question 14

In blood vessels, only — play a role in actual exchanges with tissue cells.

Answer 14

Capillaries

Question 15

Except for capillaries, blood vessels are composed of three tunics: —, —, —.

Answer 15

Tunica intima, (friction reducing lining)
Tunica media, (elastic tissue)
Tunica externa (connective tissue)

Question 16

Capillary beds have two types of vessels : — and —, the entrances to which are guarded by precapillary sphincters.

Answer 16

vascular shunt, true capillaries

Question 17

Exchanges with tissue cells occur across the walls of the —–. When precapillary sphincters are closed, blood bypasses the local area via the —.

Answer 17

True capillaries, vascular shunt

Question 18

—–, a structural defect due to incompetent valves, is a common vascular problem. It is a predicting factor for —.

Answer 18

Varicose vein, thrombophlebitis

Question 19

All veins above the — drain into superior vena cava, and those below the — drain into inferior vena cava.
Both venae cavae enter the — of the heart.

Answer 19

Diaphragm, diaphragm

Right atrium

Question 20

The arterial circulation of the brain is formed by branches of paired — and —.
The circle of Willis provides alternative routes for blood flow in case of a blockage in the brain’s arterial supply.

Answer 20

Vertebral. Internal carotid arteries.

Question 21

Fetal circulation consists primarily of three special vessels: — and —.
Shunts bypassing the — and — are also present.

Answer 21

The single umbilical vein
Two umbilical arteries
Lungs, liver

Question 22

Hepatic portal circulation is formed by veins draining from the —, which empty into the hepatic portal vein.

Answer 22

Digestive organs

Question 23

The — is the alternative expansion and recoil of a blood vessel wall (the pressure wave) that occurs as heart beats.

Answer 23

Pulse

Question 24

The most important factors increasing peripheral resistance are a decrease in the —- or —- of the arteries and arterioles, and an increase in —.

Answer 24

Diameter, stretchiness, blood viscosity

Question 25

Substances move to and from the blood through —. Fluid is forced from the bloodstream by — and drawn back into the blood by —.

Answer 25

Capillary walls, blood pressure, osmotic pressure

Question 26

The brain is supplied by two arteries: —, —.

Answer 26

Vertebral artery and internal carotid artery

Question 27

Which artery supplies blood in the abdominal area?

Answer 27

Celiac trunk

Question 28

In most body regions, a capillary bed consists of which types of vessels?

Answer 28

A vascular shunt, true capillaries

Question 29

—– tightened in order to prevent valves from flaps from everting into atria.

Answer 29

Chordae tendineae

Question 30

A venules of the capillary beds, blood pressure is — osmotic pressure, and blood flows — interstitial fluids.

Answer 30

Less than, from

Question 31

Sequence:

SA node-AV node - atrioventricular bundle - —.

Answer 31

Purkinje fiber

Question 32

The layer of serous membrane that covers the heart and lies closest to the sternum is the —.

Answer 32

Parietal Pericardium

Question 33

The umbilical — carries oxygen and foods from — to —.

Answer 33

Vein, placenta, fetus

Question 34

At the arterial end of capillaries, blood pressure is — than osmotic pressure, and fluid flows — the capillary.

Answer 34

More, out of

Question 35

Name the conductile tissue in the heart located on the right atrium that has the highest rate of depolarization in the heart.

Answer 35

SA node ( sinoatrial)

Question 36

What effect does the vagus nerve have on heart?

Answer 36

Slow steady heartbeat resulting in a strong heartbeat

The vagus nerve slows down the heart rate