Ch.20 Emergency Drugs

Question 1

Methods of delivering high concentrations of supplemental oxygen

Answer 1

Nasal catheters, Nasal cannulas, oxygen cages, oxygen masks

Question 2

Commonly used emergency drugs

Answer 2

Antihistamines, anticholinergics, cholinergic blockers, beta-2 adrenergic, methylxanthines

Question 3

What is diphenhydramine used for

Answer 3

allergic reactions

Question 4

Atropine is an anticholinergic used for

Answer 4

-prevention and tx of bradycardia
-provides bronchodilation
-antidote for organophosphate poisoning

Question 5

Beta-2 adrenergic agonists

Answer 5

Epi and Albuterol

Question 6

What is epinephrine used for

Answer 6

-anaphylaxis, asystole (cardiac resuscitation)
-Bronchodilation
-Increase HR and strength of contraction (increases CO)

Question 7

What is albuterol used for

Answer 7

bronchospasms and bronchoconstriction

Question 8

A methylxanthine used to relax smooth muscles in bronchi and pulmonary vasculature. Used for inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma, collapsing trachea, and bronchitis

Answer 8

Theophylline, Aminophylline

Question 9

Emergency conditions that corticosteroids are used for

Answer 9

inflammation, anaphylaxis, spinal cord injury, immune mediated diseases

Question 10

What effects are corticosteroids used for

Answer 10

anti-inflammatory (low dose) and immunosuppressive (high dose or long term use) effects

Question 11

What is doxapram hydrochloride used for

Answer 11

-stimulation of respirations during or after anesthesia
-in neonates after a dystocia or cesarean section
-w/ conditions where the respiratory rate and depth of respirations are decreased

Question 12

Examples of antiarrhythmics

Answer 12

lidocaine, propanol, atenolol

Question 13

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic used to tx what

Answer 13

ventricular tachycardia and ventricular premature complexes

Question 14

Propanol does what

Answer 14

reduces heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output

Question 15

What is atenolol and what is it primarily used as

Answer 15

is a beta blocker and primarily used as an antiarrhythmic to reduce heart rate and blood pressure

Question 16

What type of drugs promote the loss of body water through decreased reabsorption by the kidney tubules

Answer 16

diuretics

Question 17

_ is a loop diuretic most commonly used in the tx of pulmonary edema secondary to heart failure

Answer 17

Furosemide

Question 18

_ is an osmotic diuretic commonly used to reduce IOP, tx cerebral edema associated w/ head trauma

Answer 18

Mannitol

Question 19

_ is a group of drugs that affect the contractility of the heart muscle by increasing the strength of contractions

Answer 19

Inotropes

Question 20

Examples of inotropes

Answer 20

Digoxin, Epinephrine, Dopamine, Dobutamine

Question 21

What does digoxin do

Answer 21

decrease HR, regulates rhythm, used for atrial fibrillation

Question 22

Dopamine is used to tx

Answer 22

shock, hypotension, improves renal perfusion

Question 23

Dobutamine is used for short-term tx of

Answer 23

heart failure, hypotension

Question 24

How do vasodilators tx cardiac disease

Answer 24

decrease preload and decrease after load to improve cardiac output

Question 25

What drug is an arterial vasodilator that reduces peripheral resistance, reduces arterial blood pressure, and improves cardiac output in patients w/ congestive heart failure

Answer 25

Hydralazine

Question 26

What drug is used primarily in heart failure to improve cardiac output and decrease pulmonary edema

Answer 26

Nitroglycerin

Question 27

What is diazepam/midazolam and what are they used for

Answer 27

Anticonvulsants; used for sedation as an anesthetic adjunct and the drug of choice for status epilepticus

Question 28

What is phenobarbital used for

Answer 28

is an anticonvulsant used as an adjunct to diazepam for intractable seizures; has sedative properties

Question 29

Maropitant is used for tx of

Answer 29

acute vomiting and vomiting due to motion sickness

Question 30

Metoclopramide hydrochloride is used to control vomiting and to tx

Answer 30

gastric motility disorders

Question 31

Emetics must be administered within _-_ hours of toxic ingestion to be effective

Answer 31

2-6

Question 32

_ is an opioid that depresses the CNS and is used as an emetic

Answer 32

Apomorphine

Question 33

Antivenin antibody combines with and inactivates venom at the time of administration but does not

Answer 33

reverse damage done before administration

Question 34

Vitamin K is necessary for

Answer 34

synthesis of blood coagulation factors by the liver

Question 35

Main use of vitamin K is for tx of

Answer 35

anticoagulant rodenticide and plant poisoning

Question 36

Thiamine HCL is a water soluble B vitamin used for the tc or prevention of

Answer 36

thiamine deficiency

Question 37

Reversal agents

Answer 37

Atipamezole HCI Flumazenil Naloxone HCI Neostigmine Tolazoline HCI Yohimbine HCI