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Pharmacology > Ch.20 Emergency Drugs > Flashcards

Ch.20 Emergency Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Methods of delivering high concentrations of supplemental oxygen

A

Nasal catheters, Nasal cannulas, oxygen cages, oxygen masks

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2
Q

Commonly used emergency drugs

A

Antihistamines, anticholinergics, cholinergic blockers, beta-2 adrenergic, methylxanthines

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3
Q

What is diphenhydramine used for

A

allergic reactions

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4
Q

Atropine is an anticholinergic used for

A

-prevention and tx of bradycardia
-provides bronchodilation
-antidote for organophosphate poisoning

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5
Q

Beta-2 adrenergic agonists

A

Epi and Albuterol

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6
Q

What is epinephrine used for

A

-anaphylaxis, asystole (cardiac resuscitation)
-Bronchodilation
-Increase HR and strength of contraction (increases CO)

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7
Q

What is albuterol used for

A

bronchospasms and bronchoconstriction

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8
Q

A methylxanthine used to relax smooth muscles in bronchi and pulmonary vasculature. Used for inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma, collapsing trachea, and bronchitis

A

Theophylline, Aminophylline

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9
Q

Emergency conditions that corticosteroids are used for

A

inflammation, anaphylaxis, spinal cord injury, immune mediated diseases

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10
Q

What effects are corticosteroids used for

A

anti-inflammatory (low dose) and immunosuppressive (high dose or long term use) effects

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11
Q

What is doxapram hydrochloride used for

A

-stimulation of respirations during or after anesthesia
-in neonates after a dystocia or cesarean section
-w/ conditions where the respiratory rate and depth of respirations are decreased

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12
Q

Examples of antiarrhythmics

A

lidocaine, propanol, atenolol

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13
Q

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic used to tx what

A

ventricular tachycardia and ventricular premature complexes

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14
Q

Propanol does what

A

reduces heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output

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15
Q

What is atenolol and what is it primarily used as

A

is a beta blocker and primarily used as an antiarrhythmic to reduce heart rate and blood pressure

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16
Q

What type of drugs promote the loss of body water through decreased reabsorption by the kidney tubules

A

diuretics

17
Q

_ is a loop diuretic most commonly used in the tx of pulmonary edema secondary to heart failure

A

Furosemide

18
Q

_ is an osmotic diuretic commonly used to reduce IOP, tx cerebral edema associated w/ head trauma

A

Mannitol

19
Q

_ is a group of drugs that affect the contractility of the heart muscle by increasing the strength of contractions

A

Inotropes

20
Q

Examples of inotropes

A

Digoxin, Epinephrine, Dopamine, Dobutamine

21
Q

What does digoxin do

A

decrease HR, regulates rhythm, used for atrial fibrillation

22
Q

Dopamine is used to tx

A

shock, hypotension, improves renal perfusion

23
Q

Dobutamine is used for short-term tx of

A

heart failure, hypotension

24
Q

How do vasodilators tx cardiac disease

A

decrease preload and decrease after load to improve cardiac output

25
Q

What drug is an arterial vasodilator that reduces peripheral resistance, reduces arterial blood pressure, and improves cardiac output in patients w/ congestive heart failure

A

Hydralazine

26
Q

What drug is used primarily in heart failure to improve cardiac output and decrease pulmonary edema

A

Nitroglycerin

27
Q

What is diazepam/midazolam and what are they used for

A

Anticonvulsants; used for sedation as an anesthetic adjunct and the drug of choice for status epilepticus

28
Q

What is phenobarbital used for

A

is an anticonvulsant used as an adjunct to diazepam for intractable seizures; has sedative properties

29
Q

Maropitant is used for tx of

A

acute vomiting and vomiting due to motion sickness

30
Q

Metoclopramide hydrochloride is used to control vomiting and to tx

A

gastric motility disorders

31
Q

Emetics must be administered within - hours of toxic ingestion to be effective

A

2-6

32
Q

_ is an opioid that depresses the CNS and is used as an emetic

A

Apomorphine

33
Q

Antivenin antibody combines with and inactivates venom at the time of administration but does not

A

reverse damage done before administration

34
Q

Vitamin K is necessary for

A

synthesis of blood coagulation factors by the liver

35
Q

Main use of vitamin K is for tx of

A

anticoagulant rodenticide and plant poisoning

36
Q

Thiamine HCL is a water soluble B vitamin used for the tc or prevention of

A

thiamine deficiency

37
Q

Reversal agents

A

Atipamezole HCI
Flumazenil
Naloxone HCI
Neostigmine
Tolazoline HCI
Yohimbine HCI

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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