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Pharmacology > Antiparasitic Drugs > Flashcards

Antiparasitic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is parasitism

A

a relationship between 2 different organisms in which one of the organisms (parasite) benefits while the other (the host) is harmed

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2
Q

Helminths are divided into what 2 major groups

A

Nematodes and Platyhelminthes

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3
Q

Nematodes are

A

cylindrical, nofsegmented worms (roundworms and hookworms)

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4
Q

Platyhelminthes are

A

flattened worms subdivided into cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes)

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5
Q

Anthelmintics do what

A

kill worm parasites

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6
Q

Type of anthelmintics

A

antinematodals
anticestodals
antitrematodals

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7
Q

Benzimidazoles are _ and are recognized by “
-azole” ending in drug name

A

antinematodals

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8
Q

Ex of benzimidazoles

A

-Thiabendazole: has antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects
-Fenbendazole (Panacur): wide spectrum of activity; give for 3 days
-Albendazole (valbazen)

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9
Q

Panacur is effective against

A

hooks, whips, rounds, giardia

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10
Q

Imidazothiazoles are effective against

A

ascarids, strongyles, whipworms, and hookworms

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11
Q

Example of an imidazothiazole

A

levamisole

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12
Q

Tetrahydropyrimidines are effective against

A

ascarids, pinworms, strongyles, and hookworms

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13
Q

What do tetrahydropyrimidines do

A

mimic the action of ACh and cause paralysis of the worm

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14
Q

Examples of tetrahydropyrimidines

A

pyrantel pamoate (Nemex, Strongid), pyrantal tatrate, and morantel tartrate

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15
Q

Strongid is effective against

A

hooks and rounds

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16
Q

Avermectins are sensitive to what breed

A

collie

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17
Q

Ivermectin is used for

A

heart worm prevention and mange

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18
Q

Another example of an avermectin

A

moxidectin

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19
Q

Avermectins are not effective against

A

cestodes or trematodes

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20
Q

What is piperazine effective against

A

ascarids

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21
Q

What is present in most OTC dewormers

A

Piperazine

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22
Q

-antel is for

A

tapes

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23
Q

Anticestodals

A

Praziquantel
Epsiprantel
Fenbendazole

24
Q

Praziquantel works on

A

all cestode species (also used to eliminate fleas)

25
Q

Epsiprantel is effective against

A

taenia and diplydium but not echinoccocus

26
Q

Fenbendazole is effective only against _ species as an anticestodal

A

taenia

27
Q

Antitrematodals

A

Clorsulon
Albendazole
Praziquantel

28
Q

Clorsulon is effective against

A

facciola hepatica

29
Q

Praziquantel is also effective against

A

lung trematodes in dogs and cats

30
Q

Depsipeptides are antiparasitic agents that stimulate presynaptic receptors which cause

A

paralysis and death of parasite

31
Q

Profendor is a combo product used topically in cats for tx and control of

A

hooks, rounds, and tapes

32
Q

SE of profender

A

lethargy, salivation, vomiting, neuro signs like tremors

33
Q

Anticoccidial drugs are _ (do not actually kill the parasite so hygiene is crucial)

A

coccidiostats

34
Q

What reduces the number of coccidia oocysts shed thus reducing spread of disease

A

Sulfadimethoxine (Albon)

35
Q

Other antiprotozoals that work mainly by affecting the protozoans metabolism

A

Nicarbazine
Amprolium
Monensin
Decoquinate
Robenidine

36
Q

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is caused by

A

sarcocystis neurona

37
Q

Tx of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

A

Ponazuril (Marquis)

38
Q

Ponazuril may also be used (extra label) to tx other protozoal parasites like

A

Toxoplasma spp, Coccidia, and neospora canine

39
Q

Drugs used to tx Giardia

A

Metronidazole (not for use in food animals)
Fenbendazole
Albendazole

40
Q

Drugs used to tx babesia sp.

A

Imidocarb- has cholinergic effects on the protozoan
Tick prevention

41
Q

3 stages of management of hw disease

A

Preventing 3rd stage larvae from reaching maturity

Adulticide therapy

Eradication of circulating microfilariae after infection

42
Q

Once monthly oral preventatives for heartworms

A

ivermectin
milbemycin

43
Q

Once monthly topical preventative for heart worms

A

selamectin
moxidectin

44
Q

Six/twelve month injectable prevention for heart worms

A

moxidectin

45
Q

Adulticide therapy drug for heart worm disease

A

Melarsomine
given in epaxial muscles
SE: nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity

46
Q

What does bravecto do in once given

A

reaches tissue fluids just under skin so when fleas or tick feed, they ingest bravecto and die

47
Q

Bravecto for dogs starts killing fleas within _ hours and kills ticks within _ hours

A

2; 12

48
Q

Bravecto is also effective against _

A

demodex spp

49
Q

What does nexgard do to fleas

A

stimulates the nervous system causing them to rise to the top of the dogs coat as they die

50
Q

Advantix is effective against what for dogs

A

fleas, ticks, biting flies, mosquitoes, lice

51
Q

Active ingredients in Advantix

A

imadacloprid and permethrin

52
Q

Active ingredient in Advantage II

A

imidacloprid

53
Q

What is advantage II

A

monthly flea preventative for dogs and cats that prevents fleas and lice through contact, which means the fleas don’t have to bite the pet to die

54
Q

What is the main active ingredient of Frontline, Topspot, Fiprogaurd, Flevox, and Pet Armor

A

Fipronil

55
Q

How do imadazothiazoles work

A

work by stimulating the nematode’s cholinergic nervous system leading to paralysis of the parasite (therefore not ovicidal)

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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