Ch.17 Immunologic Drugs Flashcards
What does nonspecific immunity include
physical barriers, mucus production, inflammation, fever, phagocytosis
Specific immunity is targeted for a _ _; has memory
specific antigen
Specific immunity arises from
B and T lymphocytes
Cell-mediated immunity is important for protecting against
intracellular bacterial or viral infection, fungal diseases, and protozoal diseases
Antibody-mediated immunity is important for _ phases of systemic viral and bacterial infections and protection against endotoxin and exotoxin induced disease
extracellular
Active immunity creates _
memory
Passive immunity provides
immediate onset of immunity but the animal is protected for a short time (no memory)
Passive immunity arises when an animal receives
antibodies from another animal
Active immunity arises when an animal receives an antigen that
activates B and T lymphocytes
Natural immunity is acquired during
normal biological experiences
Artificial immunity is acquired through
medical procedures
Vaccines can produce _ _ immunity
Artificial Active Immunity (or passive, depending on the product)
Vaccines may contain _: which are substances that enhance the immune response
Adjuvants
Vaccines that produce active immunity
Inactivated (killed)
Live
Attenuated (modified-live)
Recombinant
toxoids
What type of vaccine is described?:
-Made from microbe parts, or microbe by-products that have been chemically treated or heated to kill the microbe
-Contain adjuvants (may cause reactions)
-Need repeated doses; possible reactions
-Safe for use in pregnant animals
Ex: Rabies, Bordetella, Influenza, Borrelia
Inactivated (killed)
An _ vaccine is more likely to cause a reaction
adjuvanted
What type of vaccine is described?:
-Made from live microorganisms that may be fully virulent or avirulent
-Not commonly used
-Fewer doses needed, last longer; inexpensive adjuvants not needed, less risk of reaction
-Residual virulence that requires carefully handling, contamination possible
Ex: Brucella abortus strain, Ovine Ecthyma vaccine, some poultry vaccines
Live
What would happen if you inject PO or Intranasal bordatella vaccine?
liver failure
What type of vaccine is described?:
-Microorganisms go through a process of losing their virulence (called attenuation) but must be able to replicate within the patient to provide immunity
-Immunity lasts longer; has better efficacy and quicker stimulation of cell-mediated immunity than killed vaccines
-Possible abortion; can produce mild forms of disease; can shed into environment; proper handling is critical
-Commonly used in vet med
Ex: DHLPP, FVRCP
Attenuated (modified live)
What type of vaccine is described?:
-A gene or part of a microorganism is removed from one organism (usually the pathogen) and inserted into another microorganism
-Safe, highly specific, pure, potent and efficacious
-Fewer side effects; effective immunity; varied routes of admin
-Increased cost
Ex: FeLV, Boehringer Bordetella
Recombinant
What type of vaccine is described?:
-Used against a toxin or a protein rather than a bacteria or virus; the toxin has been deactivated by heat or chemicals, but is still able to stimulate antibody production
-Provides protection against toxin
-Shorter duration of effectiveness, may contain adjuvants
Toxoids
Vaccines that produce passive immunity
Antitoxins and Antiserum
What type of vaccine is described?:
-Substances that contain antibodies obtained from an animal that has been hypersnesitized to neutralize toxins
-Quick protection against a toxin
-Short-lived protection; may contain preservatives that cause reactions
Antitoxins
What type of vaccine is described?:
-Antibody-rich serum obtained from a hypersensitized or actually infected animal
-Provides quick protection against a microorganism
-Shorter duration of effectiveness; may contain adjuvants
Antiserum
