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Pharmacology > Ch.17 Immunologic Drugs > Flashcards

Ch.17 Immunologic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What does nonspecific immunity include

A

physical barriers, mucus production, inflammation, fever, phagocytosis

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2
Q

Specific immunity is targeted for a _ _; has memory

A

specific antigen

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3
Q

Specific immunity arises from

A

B and T lymphocytes

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4
Q

Cell-mediated immunity is important for protecting against

A

intracellular bacterial or viral infection, fungal diseases, and protozoal diseases

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5
Q

Antibody-mediated immunity is important for _ phases of systemic viral and bacterial infections and protection against endotoxin and exotoxin induced disease

A

extracellular

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6
Q

Active immunity creates _

A

memory

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7
Q

Passive immunity provides

A

immediate onset of immunity but the animal is protected for a short time (no memory)

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8
Q

Passive immunity arises when an animal receives

A

antibodies from another animal

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9
Q

Active immunity arises when an animal receives an antigen that

A

activates B and T lymphocytes

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10
Q

Natural immunity is acquired during

A

normal biological experiences

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11
Q

Artificial immunity is acquired through

A

medical procedures

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12
Q

Vaccines can produce _ _ immunity

A

Artificial Active Immunity (or passive, depending on the product)

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13
Q

Vaccines may contain _: which are substances that enhance the immune response

A

Adjuvants

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14
Q

Vaccines that produce active immunity

A

Inactivated (killed)
Live
Attenuated (modified-live)
Recombinant
toxoids

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15
Q

What type of vaccine is described?:
-Made from microbe parts, or microbe by-products that have been chemically treated or heated to kill the microbe

-Contain adjuvants (may cause reactions)

-Need repeated doses; possible reactions

-Safe for use in pregnant animals

Ex: Rabies, Bordetella, Influenza, Borrelia

A

Inactivated (killed)

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16
Q

An _ vaccine is more likely to cause a reaction

A

adjuvanted

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17
Q

What type of vaccine is described?:
-Made from live microorganisms that may be fully virulent or avirulent

-Not commonly used

-Fewer doses needed, last longer; inexpensive adjuvants not needed, less risk of reaction

-Residual virulence that requires carefully handling, contamination possible

Ex: Brucella abortus strain, Ovine Ecthyma vaccine, some poultry vaccines

A

Live

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18
Q

What would happen if you inject PO or Intranasal bordatella vaccine?

A

liver failure

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19
Q

What type of vaccine is described?:
-Microorganisms go through a process of losing their virulence (called attenuation) but must be able to replicate within the patient to provide immunity

-Immunity lasts longer; has better efficacy and quicker stimulation of cell-mediated immunity than killed vaccines

-Possible abortion; can produce mild forms of disease; can shed into environment; proper handling is critical

-Commonly used in vet med

Ex: DHLPP, FVRCP

A

Attenuated (modified live)

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20
Q

What type of vaccine is described?:
-A gene or part of a microorganism is removed from one organism (usually the pathogen) and inserted into another microorganism

-Safe, highly specific, pure, potent and efficacious

-Fewer side effects; effective immunity; varied routes of admin

-Increased cost

Ex: FeLV, Boehringer Bordetella

A

Recombinant

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21
Q

What type of vaccine is described?:
-Used against a toxin or a protein rather than a bacteria or virus; the toxin has been deactivated by heat or chemicals, but is still able to stimulate antibody production

-Provides protection against toxin

-Shorter duration of effectiveness, may contain adjuvants

A

Toxoids

22
Q

Vaccines that produce passive immunity

A

Antitoxins and Antiserum

23
Q

What type of vaccine is described?:
-Substances that contain antibodies obtained from an animal that has been hypersnesitized to neutralize toxins

-Quick protection against a toxin

-Short-lived protection; may contain preservatives that cause reactions

A

Antitoxins

24
Q

What type of vaccine is described?:
-Antibody-rich serum obtained from a hypersensitized or actually infected animal

-Provides quick protection against a microorganism

-Shorter duration of effectiveness; may contain adjuvants

A

Antiserum

25
Q

What type of vaccine is described?:
-Vaccine produced for a specific disease in a specific area from a sick animal

-Provides protection against the specific organism in a specific area

-May contain endotoxin and other by-products found in the culture

Ex: Streptococcus equi used for strangles outbreak

A

Autogenous

26
Q

Types of mixed vaccines

A

Polyvalent vaccines and monovalent vaccines

27
Q

What type of vaccine is described?:
-Contain more than one antigen

-Contain a mixture of different antigens and are more convenient to administer because fewer injections are needed

-Adverse rxn increased as # of antigen increase

-To be approved, must show that each part of the polyvalent vaccine induces the same level of immunity as does the single antigen vaccine

A

Polyvalent vaccines

28
Q

What type of vaccine is described?:
-Vaccines with only a single antigen present

-Using several of these vaccines may expose the animal to higher levels of adjuvants

-Must give more injections

A

Monovalent vaccines

29
Q

true vaccine failure can be caused by

A

heat, improper storage, inadequate handling, immunosuppression, maternal antibodies

30
Q

Maternally derived antibodies are antibodies that offspring receive passively from their mothers either from _ or _

A

colostrum or placenta

31
Q

Maternally derived antibodies give the offspring disease resistance for a few days and provide variable antibody levels for up to _ weeks

A

9

32
Q

How do we enhance maternally derived antibodies

A

young animals receive vaccines and boosters to ensure immunity

33
Q

What must be done after a vaccine reaction is noted?

A

Record on medical record

34
Q

Typical vaccine reactions

A

-Local rxn, facial swelling, redness, hives, fever, lethargy, V+, salivation, dyspnea, sarcomas in cats, autoimmune hemolytic anemia in dogs

35
Q

Black and Tan dogs are notorious for getting _

A

parvo

36
Q

What is one way to discover when revaccination is necessary

A

antibody titer

37
Q

An antibody titer is a _ test that reveals the level of antibody to a particular antigen in a particular individual

A

serum

38
Q

Noncore vaccines are recommended only for individual animals deemed to be

A

at a high risk for contact with the organism

39
Q

6-8 week core vaccines for dogs

A

distemper, hepatitis, parainfluenza, parvo (DHPP)

40
Q

10-12 weeks core vaccines for dogs

A

distemper, hepatitis, leptospirosis, parainfluenza, parvo (DHLPP)

41
Q

12-16 weeks core vaccines for dogs

A

Distemper, hepatitis, leptospirosis, parainfluenza, parvo, (DHLPP), rabies

42
Q

1 year core vaccines for dogs

A

DHLPP, Rabies (1-3 years by law)

43
Q

Feline vaccine schedule

A

9-11 weeks: FVRCP #1
10-12 weeks: FVRCP #2, FELV, Dewormer
14-16 weeks: FVRCP #3, rabies
1 year: FVRCP (every 3 years), rabies, FELV booster

44
Q

Non core vaccines for dogs

A

bordetella, influenza, lepto, Lyme, rattlesnake

45
Q

Noncore vaccines for cats

A

feline leukemia, bordetella, immunodeficiency virus

46
Q

Core feline vaccines

A

Rabies, FVRCP (feline herpes, calicivirus, panleukopenia)

47
Q

Core canine vaccines

A

Rabies, DHPP-2 (distemper, parvo, adenovirus-2, parainfluenza)

48
Q

Small ruminant vaccines

A

Clostridial, orf, caseous lympandenitis, footrot, abortion, E.coli, pneumonia, rabies, autogenous

49
Q

Major swine viruses that can be controlled by vaccines

A

Aujeszky’s disease, foot and mouth, porcine parvo, PRRS, swine fever, swine influenza, TGE

50
Q

Pregnant animals cannot receive _ _ vaccines

A

modified live vaccines

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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