Ch. 6 Renal & Urinary Tract Drugs

Question 1

Kidneys do the following:

Answer 1

-excrete wast products
-acid base balance
-regulate electrolytes
-blood volume control
-regulation of blood pressure

Question 2

Bacteria infections of the urinary system may lead to

Answer 2

inflammation, pollakiuria, and/or dysuria which may result in inappropriate urination

Question 3

Diuretics increase the ____ and decrease the ___

Answer 3

volume of urine excreted by kidneys; fluid volume in tissues

Question 4

Uses of loop diuretics

Answer 4

CHF, pulmonary edema, hypertension

Question 5

Side effects of loop diuretics

Answer 5

electrolyte imbalances, especially hypokalemia

Question 6

Example of loop diuretic

Answer 6

furosemide

Question 7

Osmotic diuretics promote diuresis by exerting high osmotic pressure in _ and limiting tubular reabsorption

Answer 7

kidneys

Question 8

Uses for osmotic diuretics and examples

Answer 8

acute oliguric kidney failure, decrease intracranial and IOP; mannitol and glycerin

Question 9

side effects of osmotic diuretics

Answer 9

fluid and electrolyte imbalance and vomiting

Question 10

Thiazide diuretics reduce _ by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water

Answer 10

edema

Question 11

Uses for thiazide diuretics

Answer 11

diabetes insipidus, hypertension, CHF; longer duration of action than loop diuretics

Question 12

Side effects of thiazides and examples

Answer 12

hypokalemia ; hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide

Question 13

Potassium sparing diuretics are _ diuretic and anti-hypertensive effects than other diuretics

Answer 13

weaker

Question 14

Uses of potassium-sparing diuretics and example

Answer 14

CHF; spironolactone

Question 15

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors diuretics uses

Answer 15

decrease intraocular pressure with open-angle glaucoma

Question 16

Main side effects of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors diuretics

Answer 16

metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia

Question 17

Examples of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors diuretics

Answer 17

acetazolamide and dichlorphenamide

Question 18

Types of antihypertensive drugs include:

Answer 18

Diuretics and ACE inhibitors (enalapril, captopril, lisinopril, benazepril)

Question 19

Examples of calcium-channel blockers

Answer 19

diltiazem and amlodipine

Question 20

Examples of vasodilators

Answer 20

hydralazine and dopamine

Question 21

Types of antihypertensive drugs include:

Answer 21

-Beta-adrenergic antagonists (ex: propranolol)
-Alpha-adrenergic antagonists (ex: phenoxybenzamine and prazosin)

Question 22

Drug categories used to treat uroliths include

Answer 22

urinary acidifiers, urinary alkalinizes, and xanthine oxidase inhibitors

Question 23

urinary acidifiers are used clinically to produce _ _, which dissolves and helps prevent formation of _ uroliths; their use has declined with the use of urinary acidifying diets

Answer 23

acid urine; struvite

Question 24

Urinary alkalinizes are used clinically to tx

Answer 24

calcium oxalate, cystine, and ammonium urate uroliths

Question 25

Examples of urinary acidifiers

Answer 25

methionine and ammonium chloride

Question 26

Example of urinary alkalinizer

Answer 26

potassium citrate

Question 27

xanthine oxidase inhibitors decrease the production of uric acid, which helps decrease the formation of _ _ uroliths

Answer 27

ammonium urate

Question 28

Example of xanthine oxidase inhibitor

Answer 28

allopurinol

Question 29

Drugs used to tx neurologically caused urinary incontinence

Answer 29

cholinergic agonists and anticholinergics

Question 30

Cholinergic agonists tx animals with damage to the nerves that control relaxation of the urinary bladder. Promotes what?

Answer 30

voiding of urine from the urinary bladder (ex: bethanechol)

Question 31

Anticholinergics tx urinary incontinence by promoting

Answer 31

urine retention in the urinary bladder (ex: propanetheline, butyhyoscine (Buscopan) )

Question 32

- _decrease the tone of internal urethral sphincters and are often used after a urethral obstruction and can be used in paralyzed animals with an over-distended urinary bladder.

Ex: phenoxybenzamine, prazosin

Answer 32

Alpha-adrenergic antagonists

Question 33

_ treats hormone responsive urinary incontinence seen mainly in F/S dogs; an example is diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Answer 33

Estrogen

Question 34

_ treats hormone responsive urinary incontinence seen mainly in M/C dogs

Ex: testosterone cypionate and testosterone propionate

Answer 34

Testosterone

Question 35

_ and _ _ _ stimulate these receptors, which increases urethral tone

Ex: phenylpropanolamine (proin)

Answer 35

Alpha and beta adrenergic agonists

Question 36

Skeletal muscle relaxants may be used to tx

Answer 36

urge incontinence or urethral obstructions due to increased external urethral sphincter tone; ex: diazepam

Question 37

Drugs to Pee

Answer 37

Bethanocol
Propantheline
Phenoxybenzamine
Prazosin
Diazepam

Question 38

Drugs not to pee

Answer 38

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Estriol (Incurin)
Phenylpropanolamine

Question 39

Epikatin is a _ _ used in renal failure

Answer 39

phosphate binder

Question 40

Tricyclic antidepressants (ex: Amitripytline) and Glycosaminoglycans (Pentosan polysulfate sodium) have been used to tx what feline disease

Answer 40

Feline idiopathic cystitis (FLUTD)

Question 41

Azodyl is a supplement that can be used to support normal renal health by

Answer 41

targeting and metabolizing the nitrogenous wastes in the bowel