Ch.15 Fluid therapy Flashcards
Water is - of total body weight of an animal
50-70%
Water is _% of total body weight in a neonate
80
An increase in _ _ decreases total body water
body fat
Body water is distributed among 3 types of compartments:
intracellular, intravascular, and interstitial
_% is intracellular fluid (ICF)
60
_% is extracellular fluid (ECF)
40%
Intravascular fluid volume estimates
90ml/kg dog
45ml/kg cat
Body fluid compartments should be thought of as fluid + electrolytes in a _ _
dynamic equilibrium
Most fluid loss in the animal is from the _ first
ECF
_ are substances that split into ions when placed in water
Electrolytes
In a healthy animal the number of cations always _ the number of anions
equals
Primary ions in the body
sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, and bicarbonate
Therapeutic fluids are said to be balanced when they resemble ECF in _ and unbalanced when they do not
concentration
Balanced fluids
lactated ringers
Unbalanced fluids
sodium chloride (NaCl)
Solutes that cannot cross cell membrane will attract water to them which is called _
osmosis
Ability to attract water
osmotic pressure aka tonicity
Dog/cat serum osmolality:
300mOsm/L
An isotonic solution has _ _ osmotic pressure as blood and extracellular water
the same
A hypotonic solution has osmolality _ than that of blood; RBCs can swell
lower
A hypertonic solution has osmolality _ than that of blood: RBCs can shrink
higher
fluid overload is a condition in which the administration of fluid occurs at
a greater rate than the rate at which the body can use or eliminate the fluid
Signs of fluid overload
nasal discharge, respiratory changes, fluid deposition in SQ space, weight gain
Crystalloids can be
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
