Ch13 Viruses, Viroids, Prions

Question 1

a virus nucleic acid core is protected by a protein coat called a

Answer 1

capsid

Question 2

capsid subunits are called

Answer 2

capsomeres

Question 3

some virus capsids are covered by an enevelope which is made of

Answer 3

lipids, proteins, carbs

Question 4

primary genetic material of viruses

Answer 4

DNA or RNA (never both)

Question 5

size range of viruses

Answer 5

10nm-1000nm

Question 6

what determines the host range of viruses

Answer 6

the proteins on the surface of cells (“attachment sites” unique to organisms)

Question 7

viruses require host cells to reproduce; thus they are considered

Answer 7

obligatory intracellular parasites

Question 8

what are bacteriophages

Answer 8

viruses that infect bacteria

Question 9

a group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche (host range)

Answer 9

viral species

Question 10

how we name viruses

Answer 10

no specific epithet,
descriptive common names + subspecies (if any)
ex: HIV-1

Question 11

difference between lytic and lysogenic cycle (what happens to the phage DNA)

Answer 11

Lytic= phage DNA used to synthesize more virions
lysogenic= phage DNA integrates w bacterial chromosome

Question 12

an acute infection is considered a viral ___-step growth curve

Answer 12

one-step

Question 13

the period during viral multiplication when virions are not yet present (viruses are penetrating our cells)

Answer 13

eclipse period

Question 14

infection in which virus remains in some cells of infected individual

Answer 14

persistant infection (hep c or b, hiv)

Question 15

an infection in which the virus is dormant for a period of time

Answer 15

Latent infection (herpes, chickenpox-> shingles)

Question 16

human wart virus/ hpv is caused by which viral family

Answer 16

papoviridae (human papillomavirus(genus))

Question 17

which viral family is associated w tumors (anal and cervical cancer)

Answer 17

papoviridae

Question 18

enteroviruses, Hep-A viruses, and rhinoviruses are in which virus family

Answer 18

picornaviridae

Question 19

80% of colds are caused by this viral species

Answer 19

rhinovirus

Question 20

rubella virus (Rubivirus) is in which viral family

Answer 20

togaviridae

Question 21

EEE, WEE, and chikungunya disease are caused by which viral family and species
how spread?

Answer 21

togaviridae, Rubella virus

transmitted via water droplets

Question 22

vesiculovirus and lyssavirus in which viral family

Answer 22

rhabdoviridae

Question 23

what lyssavirus causes?

which family?

Answer 23

rabies

rhabdoviridae

Question 24

filovirus causes what?

which family?

Answer 24

hemoragic fever (ebola) and internal bleeding (marburg virus)
filoviridae

Question 25

family of viruses that uses reverse transcriptase to produce DNA (RNA-> DNA), can inject genetic material into genome

Answer 25

retroviridae

Question 26

examples of retroviridae oncoviruses

Answer 26

RNA tumor viruses, HIV/AIDS, leukemia

Question 27

how prions are transmitted

Answer 27

ingestion, transplants, surgical equipment, inherited

Question 28

all viruses have

Answer 28

nucleic acid and a protein coat

Question 29

what causes spongiform encephalopathies like scrapie, C-J disease, and mad cow disease

Answer 29

prions

Question 30

how prions cause spongiform encephalopathies

Answer 30

prion binds to normal protein on cell surface,
turns normal into prion protein
cell begins producing more normal proteins
more turn into prion proteins
cell eventually envelopes these proteins
dies,
poke holes in grey matter of brain