CH 9- Biotech And DNA Tech

Question 1

Define biotechnology

Answer 1

Use of life to make products

Question 2

Examples of biotechnology (it is used to make…)

Answer 2

Foods, vaccines, antibiotics, vitamins

Bacteria also used in mining to extract elements from ore

Question 3

Inserting genes into cells is referred to as

Answer 3

Recombinant DNA technology

Question 4

How genomic libraries are made

Answer 4

Entire genome cut up w restriction enzymes, restriction fragments spliced into plasmid (of bacteria) or phage vectors

Question 5

In a genomic library, one clone exists for every

Answer 5

Gene

Question 6

Define a genomic library

Answer 6

Collection of clones (bacteria or phages) containing different DNA fragments of a genome

Question 7

What restriction enzymes are normally used for in a bacteria

Answer 7

Acts as bacteria’s immune system, hydrolyze phage DNA

Question 8

A restriction enzyme that cuts both DNA strands at same place gives what kind of ends

Answer 8

Blunt ends

Question 9

Restriction enzyme that cuts not directly in same spot of both DNA strands (staggered) produce what kind of ends

Answer 9

Sticky ends

Question 10

How restriction enzymes are used in biotechnology

Answer 10

Double stranded DNA cut w sticky ends, 2 fragments (1 possibly from a plasmid) both cut w same enzyme come together, form circular or linear model

Question 11

This enzyme unites the backbones of two DNA fragments forming a molecule of recombiant DNA

Answer 11

DNA ligase

Question 12

What the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used for

Answer 12

Amplify small samples of DNA (make many copies) increase to a quantity large enough for analysis

Question 13

What happens in the first step of PCR (incubated at 94C for 1min)

Answer 13

Double strands separate

Question 14

What is added to PCR in step 2

Answer 14

Primers, nucleotides, and DNA polymerase

Question 15

What happens in step 3 of PCR (incubate at 60C for 1 min)

Answer 15

Primers attach to single strands of DNA

Question 16

What happens in step 4 of PCR (incubate at 72C for 1 min) after primers have been added

Answer 16

DNA polymerase copies the target DNA

Question 17

How long it takes PCR to double DNA 1 time

Answer 17

3 min

Question 18

Applications of PCR

Answer 18

DNA fingerprinting via electrophoresis, diagnostic tests to detect presence of infectious agents

Question 19

In blue white screening, the bacteria that accepted the foreign DNA into their plasmid appear what color and why

Answer 19

White because the foreign DNA has been inserted into their lacZ gene, isn’t breaking down lactose and turning blue

Question 20

In blue white screening, the bacteria that did not accept the foreign DNA turn what color and why

Answer 20

Blue, because foreign DNA did not insert into their lacZ gene, they are still breaking down lactose and causing the xgal to hydrolyze

Question 21

What is the purpose of the ampicillin in the x-gal of a blue white screening

Answer 21

Only the bacteria that picked up the plasmid, which also contains an ampicilin resistance gene, will grow

Question 22

Why blue white screening is used

Answer 22

To ID bacteria that have successfully taken up plasmid w foreign DNA

Question 23

Why bovine growth hormone, produced by e colin and given to improve weight and production in cattle, is controversial

Answer 23

Increases risk of mastitis and thus, need for antibiotics

Question 24

What are Bt cotton and corn

Answer 24

GMOs that have toxin producing gene to kill insects (gene comes from bacillus thuringgiensis)

Question 25

What antisense gene does when put into crops

Answer 25

Blocks degradation, longer shelf life