CH 9- Biotech And DNA Tech Flashcards
Define biotechnology
Use of life to make products
Examples of biotechnology (it is used to make…)
Foods, vaccines, antibiotics, vitamins
Bacteria also used in mining to extract elements from ore
Inserting genes into cells is referred to as
Recombinant DNA technology
How genomic libraries are made
Entire genome cut up w restriction enzymes, restriction fragments spliced into plasmid (of bacteria) or phage vectors
In a genomic library, one clone exists for every
Gene
Define a genomic library
Collection of clones (bacteria or phages) containing different DNA fragments of a genome
What restriction enzymes are normally used for in a bacteria
Acts as bacteria’s immune system, hydrolyze phage DNA
A restriction enzyme that cuts both DNA strands at same place gives what kind of ends
Blunt ends
Restriction enzyme that cuts not directly in same spot of both DNA strands (staggered) produce what kind of ends
Sticky ends
How restriction enzymes are used in biotechnology
Double stranded DNA cut w sticky ends, 2 fragments (1 possibly from a plasmid) both cut w same enzyme come together, form circular or linear model
This enzyme unites the backbones of two DNA fragments forming a molecule of recombiant DNA
DNA ligase
What the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used for
Amplify small samples of DNA (make many copies) increase to a quantity large enough for analysis
What happens in the first step of PCR (incubated at 94C for 1min)
Double strands separate
What is added to PCR in step 2
Primers, nucleotides, and DNA polymerase
What happens in step 3 of PCR (incubate at 60C for 1 min)
Primers attach to single strands of DNA
What happens in step 4 of PCR (incubate at 72C for 1 min) after primers have been added
DNA polymerase copies the target DNA
How long it takes PCR to double DNA 1 time
3 min
Applications of PCR
DNA fingerprinting via electrophoresis, diagnostic tests to detect presence of infectious agents
In blue white screening, the bacteria that accepted the foreign DNA into their plasmid appear what color and why
White because the foreign DNA has been inserted into their lacZ gene, isn’t breaking down lactose and turning blue
In blue white screening, the bacteria that did not accept the foreign DNA turn what color and why
Blue, because foreign DNA did not insert into their lacZ gene, they are still breaking down lactose and causing the xgal to hydrolyze
What is the purpose of the ampicillin in the x-gal of a blue white screening
Only the bacteria that picked up the plasmid, which also contains an ampicilin resistance gene, will grow
Why blue white screening is used
To ID bacteria that have successfully taken up plasmid w foreign DNA
Why bovine growth hormone, produced by e colin and given to improve weight and production in cattle, is controversial
Increases risk of mastitis and thus, need for antibiotics
What are Bt cotton and corn
GMOs that have toxin producing gene to kill insects (gene comes from bacillus thuringgiensis)
