Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Ch 4- prokaryotes > Flashcards

Ch 4- prokaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

list different arrangements of cocci bacteria

A

diplococci, steptococci, tetrad, sarcinae, staphylococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a cocci bacterial cell that divides down the middle once can be what arangements

A

diplococci (remain in pairs)

streptococci (remain attached in chain-like pattern)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a cocci bacteria that divides in two planes and remain in groups of 4

A

tetrad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cocci that divide in 3 planes and remain attached in cube-like groups of 8

A

sarcinae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cocci that divide in multiple planes and form clusters or sheets

A

staphylococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

baccili only divide across what axis

A

their short axis

I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bacillus arrangements

A

single bacillus, diplobacilli, streptobacilli, coccobacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a pair of bacilli after dividing

A

diplobacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a chain of baccilli

A

streptobacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

kinda oval shaped baccillus

A

coccobacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what causes a coccobacillus to form

A

bacillus divides before fully grown in length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

spiral arrangements of bacteria

A

vibrio, spirillum, spirochete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bacillus genus of cells commonly form which category of arrangement

A

spiral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bacteria that look like curved rods

A

vibrio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bacteria w helical shape like corkscrew, and rigid thick bodies

A

spirillum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bacteria that are helical, flexible, thin

A

spirochetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how spirillum (spirilla) move vs how spirochetes

A

spirilla- use flagella

spirochetes- axial filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

monomorphic vs pleomorphic

A

mono- maintain a single shape

pleo- can have many shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is glycocalyx

A

general term for sticky substance outside of cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a glycocalyx that is neatly organized and tightly attached to cell wall

A

capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

a glycocalyx that is loosely attached to cell wall, unorganized

A

slime layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

importance of a capsule glycocalyx

A

protect bacteria from host phagocytosis (contributing to virulence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pros of a glycocalyx capsule made of pollysaccharides

A

prevents phagocytosis and allows the cells to attach (ex: S. pneumoniae adhering to respiratory tract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

role gylcocalyx plays in biofilms

A

biofilm is a slime layer, provides protection facilitated by quorum sensing.
helps cells in biofilm attach to target environment and eachother (EPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
separate bacteria (single-celled, free swimming) before forming biofilms are called
planktonic bacteria
26
what causes acute and chronic illnesses | biofilms or planktonic bacteria
Acute- planktonic | chronic- biofilms
27
once a biofilm is created it releases
planktonic bacteria
28
how quorum sensing works
cell produces molecule, has receptors for that molecule, when surrounded by more bacteria producing the same molecule turns on certain action (recognize chemical words to turn on group behavior)
29
how quorum sensing relates to virulence (pathogenicity)
quroum sensing controls when "attack" will be launched (when enough bacteria are present, more successful at overcoming host)
30
the 2 systems used for quorum sensing
an intra-species system w species specfic molecule. | and inter-species system, generic for all bacteria
31
bacteria that lack flagella
atrichous
32
flagella distributed over entire cell
peritirichous
33
one flagella at one end of cell
monotrichous and polar
34
one flagella at each end of cell
amphitrichous and polar
35
a tuft of flagella coming from one end
lophotrichous and polar
36
the long outer most region of flagella, made of protein flagellin
the filament
37
difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella
eukaryotic filament covered by membrane or sheath, hook moves back and forth rather than spinning
38
part of the flagella that spins in bacterial cells
hook
39
part of flagella that anchors it into the cell wall and PM
basal body
40
difference between gram pos and neg bacterial flagella
neg- contain two pairs of rings, anchoring it into the cell wall and PM pos- only inner (PM) pair is present)
41
a bacterial cell reversing its flagellar rotation to turn direction is called
tumbling
42
importance/roles of flagella
move to favorable environments(caused by chemical stimuli), search for food,
43
bundles of fibrils attached at end of spirochete, located under outer sheath, for movements
axial filaments
44
how axial filaments provide mobility for spirochetes
twist outside cell wall, causes outer sheath to move, propels in spiral motion
45
hairlike appendages used by many gram neg bacteria for attachment
fimbriae
46
hairlike appendages used by many gram neg bacteria for motility and DNA transfer (conjugation)
pili
47
how pili is used for movement
"grappling hook" (twitching motility, attaches to surface of another cell and retracts. or gliding motility
48
what is pili gliding motility used for
means for microbes to travel in environments w low water content (biofilm or soil)
49
what makes up the peptidoglycan in a cell wall
repeating disaccharide attached by polypeptides to form a lattice
50
the disaccharide portion in peptidoglycan contains what disachharides
NAG and NAM
51
difference between gram pos and neg cell wall
pos- many layers of peptidoglycan (thick), a wall of teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acid (help control movement of cations in/out of cell) neg- thin layer of peptidoglycan, have an outer PM outside of peptidoglycan in addition to inner one
52
importance of a bacterial cell wall
prevents cell from further expanding
53
what a gram neg outer PM (phospholipid bilayer) is made of
lipopolysaccharides (lipid A, a core polysacch., and an O polysacch) ,lipoproteins, and phospholipids
54
the strong neg charge of a gram neg outer PM causes what in terms of virulence
evasion of phagocytosis, and provides a barrier against antibiotics
55
which part of gram neg outer PM acts as an endotoxin and is associated with the symptoms associated w infections
lipid A
56
which part of gram neg out PM acts as antigen and is useful for distinguishing species of gram neg
O polysaccharides
57
why gram pos retains crystal violet
stain forms large crystals w iodine, alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan making it more impermeable
58
why gram neg does not retain crystal violet
stain forms large crystals w iodine, alcohol dissolves the outer membrane and leaves holes in the thin peptidoglycan layer thro which the crystals leave
59
acid fast stain used to identify
bacteria w high concentrations of mycolic acid (waxy lipid)like mycobacteria or nocardia.
60
cell wall structure of acid fast bacteria
mycolic acid layer around thing layer of peptidoglycan, help together by polysaccharide.
61
why acid fast bacteria retain carbolfuchsin dye
dye more soluble in cell wall mycolic acid than the acid-alcohol it is rinsed w
62
diff between hyertonic and hypotonic
hypo- conc of solute greater INSIDE the cell, water moves into cell hyper- conc of solute greater OUTSIDE cell, water moves out
63
pili are usually (shorter/longer) than fimbriae and there is usually (more/less) than fimbriae
longer, less (only 1-2 per cell)
64
clinical importance of bacterial cell wall
contributes to the ability of some species to cause disease and is the site of action of some antibiotics
65
size range of bacterial cells in diameter and length
diameter- 0.2-2.0 um | length- 2-8 um
66
part of gram-pos bacteria that provides its antigenic specificity (easy to identify in a lab) what is the antigenic portion of gram neg?
pos-teichoic acids | neg- o polysaccharide
67
acid- fast bacteria cell wall structure
mycolic acid in cell wall (and forms an outside thin layer of peptidoglycan), mycolic acid and peptidoglycan held together by polysaccharide
68
why inclusions are beneficial
avoid increase in osmotic pressure that would result if these molecules were dispersed in cytoplasm
69
typical size of prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells in diameter
prok- 0.2-2 um | euk- 10-100 um

Microbiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions