Ch10 Classifying Microbes

Question 1

define taxonomy

Answer 1

put organisms into categories (Taxa), shows degrees in similarities/relatedness

Question 2

define systematics/ phylogeny

Answer 2

study of evolutionary history of organisms

Question 3

the hierarchy of taxa reflects …

Answer 3

phylogeny (evolutionary relationships)

Question 4

plants, animals, and fungi are in what domain

Answer 4

eukarya

Question 5

prokaryotes w peptidoglycan in cells walls, pathogenic, non-pathogenic, or phototrophic, are in which domain

Answer 5

bacteria

Question 6

prokaryotes w/o peptidoglycan in cell walls in what domain

Answer 6

archaea

Question 7

what is the endosymbiosis theory, what does it explain

Answer 7

says that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells living in one another (endosymbionts)
explains origin of chloroplasts and mitochonria

Question 8

what evidence is there to support the endosymbiosis theory

list

Answer 8

similarities between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic organelles (mitochondira and chloroplasts)
both have…
-circular DNA
-1st amino acid in protein synthesis= formylmethionine
-70s ribosomes
-grow by binary fission
-have double membranes

Question 9

the theory of endosymbiosis was developed by

Answer 9

Lynn Margulis

Question 10

how carl woese based his 3 domain classification system on

Answer 10

RNA sequence of ribosomes

Question 11

archaea RNA is more similar to prokaryotes or eukaryotes

Answer 11

eukaryotes

Question 12

list taxonomic hierarchy from largest to smallest

Answer 12

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 13

1st step in identifying bacteria, important for determining antibiotic to use

Answer 13

differential staining

Question 14

how biochemical tests are used to identify microbes

Answer 14

test enzymatic activities (what it can consume via fermentation tests, what can i produce)

Question 15

examples of biochemical tests

Answer 15

agulation tests, enterotubes

Question 16

what is phage typing

Answer 16

test for determining which phages a bacterium is suseptible to (usu only affects members of a certain species)

Question 17

what are agglutination tests

Answer 17

samples of unknown bacterium placed in drop of saline on several slides, antiserum added, bacteria agglutinate (clump) when mixed w antibodies produced in response to bacterium

Question 18

what western blotting is used for

Answer 18

identify antibodies in patient’s serum

Question 19

steps in western blotting

Answer 19

• proteins from a known bacterium or virus separated by electrophoresis
• proteins(antigens) transferred by blotting
• patient’s serum washed over filter, if serum has antibodies for the known microbe combines w antigens
• anti-human serum linked to an enzyme rinsed over filter
• after adition of enzyme, colored band visible

Question 20

what is a cladogram

Answer 20

map that shows evolutionary relationships among organisms
2 RNA sequences are aligned, % of similarity is calculated, branched drawn proportional to similarity (shorter= more similiar)

Question 21

what is a dichotomous key

Answer 21

identification based on sucessive questions, each w two possible answers