Ch 5 pt2 (cell respiration)

Question 1

input and output of glycolysis

Answer 1

use 2 ATP for the oxidation of glucose into pyruvic acid

Question 2

net gain of glycolysis

Answer 2

2 ATP, 2 NADH

Question 3

type of phosphorylation that occurs during glycolysis

Answer 3

substrate-level

Question 4

2 alternatives to glycolysis, and what they produce

Answer 4

pentose phosphate pathway, entner-doudoroff pathway

• 1 ATP
• metabolic byproducts (like 5-C sugars)
• amino precursors

Question 5

why a cell would undergo an alternative pathway to glycolysis

Answer 5

• if a cell is going to divide, it will need more 5-C sugars to make DNA
• amino acid precursors needed if cell will be synthesizing proteins
• gram neg undergo enner-duodoroff

Question 6

how many times kreb’s cycle goes around for every glucose mlcl

Answer 6

twice

Question 7

input and output (and energy balance) of kreb’s cycle

Answer 7

(pyruvate loses a CO2 mlcl–>) Acetyl CoA enters cycle
output=6 CO2 lost
for every 1 glucose (after going around twice, once for each pyruvic acid), 2ATP, 2FADH, 8 NADH, 6 CO2

Question 8

NAD to NADH is oxidation or reduction

Answer 8

reduction

Question 9

what kind of phosphorylation takes place during electron transport chain

Answer 9

oxidative-phosphorylation

Question 10

why we breathe

Answer 10

bring in O2 to serve as final electron acceptor in electron transport chain

Question 11

input and output of e- transport chain

Answer 11

input- O2

output- H2O

Question 12

sum up steps in electron transport chain (what is dropped off)

Answer 12

NADH or FADH2 or chlorophyl drops off e- + hydrogen
(hydrogen transported across plasma membrane via proton pumps, build up in intermembrane (euk) or periplasmic (pork) space) creates concentration gradient, flow passively thro atp synthase

Question 13

net gain of electron transport chain

Answer 13

34 ATP

Question 14

total atp gained from cellular respiration

prokaryotes v. eukaryotes

Answer 14

38 ATP for every glucose (prokaryotes), eukaryotes=36 ATP

Question 15

why eukaryotes produce 2 less ATP than prokaryotes

Answer 15

electron carriers have to be actively transported across 2 membranes to get to inner mitochondria

Question 16

H moving down its concentration gradient thro ATP synthase is called

Answer 16

chemiosmosis

Question 17

when a cell needs to make ATP in the absence of carbohydrates, it

Answer 17

switch over and use other macromolecules (lipid catabolism, protein catabolism)

Question 18

what are amphilbolic pathways

Answer 18

metabolic pathways that function in both anabolism and catabolism (can go in either direction; double arrows)

Question 19

how biosynthesis pathways work

Answer 19

diverted products from intermediate, catabolic pathways (like glycolysis) put into biosynthesis pathways
anabolism

Question 20

fermentation products are waste products; what is the only reason a cell would undergo fermentation

Answer 20

regeneraton of 2NAD+ (goes back into glycolyisis to make more ATP)

Question 21

type of phosphorylation that occurs during krebs cycle

Answer 21

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 22

how much atp is spent first half of glycolysis

Answer 22

2

Question 23

the krebs cycle is a series of

Answer 23

stripping electrons off pyurivic acid (oxidation)

Question 24

where glycolysis occurs in euk v prok

Answer 24

euk- outside mitochondria in cytoplasm

prok- inside cytoplasm in cell

Question 25

for every 6 H that go through ATP synthase, how much ATP is produced

Answer 25

3

Question 26

what fatty acid is oxidized in kreb’s cycle

Answer 26

Citric Acid