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SS8 > Ch05 > Flashcards

Ch05 Flashcards

1
Q

Magna Carta

A

a charter of liberties agreed to by King John of England, it made the king obey the same laws as citizens

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2
Q

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

A

a document that gave people in Virginina freedom of worship and prohibited tax money from being used to fund churches

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3
Q

constitution

A

a set of basic principles that determines the powers and duties of a government

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4
Q

suffrage

A

voting rights

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5
Q

ratification

A

an official approval

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6
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

the document that created the first central government for the United States; was replaced by the Constitution in 1789

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7
Q

Northwest Territory

A

lands including present-day Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; organized by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787

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8
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

legislation passed by Congress authorizing surveys and the division of public lands in the western region of the country

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9
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

legislation passed by Congress to establish a political structure for the Northwest Territory and create a system for the admission of new states

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10
Q

tariff

A

a tax on imports or exports

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11
Q

interstate commerce

A

trade between two or more states

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12
Q

depression

A

a steep drop in economic activity combined with rising unemployment

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13
Q

Shays’s Rebellion

A

an uprising of Massachusetts’s farmers, led by Daniel Shays, to protest high taxes, heavy debt, and farm foreclosures.

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14
Q

inflation

A

increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money

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15
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

a meeting held in Philadelphia at which delegates from the states wrote the Constitution

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16
Q

Virginia Plan

A

the plan for government proposed at the Constitutional Convention in which the national government would have supreme power and a legislative branch would have two houses with representation determined by state population

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17
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

a proposal to create a unicameral legislature with equal representation of states rather than representation by population; rejected at the Constitutional Convention

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18
Q

Great Compromise

A

an agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention establishing that a state’s population would determine representation in the lower house of the legislature, while each state would have equal representation in the upper house of the legislature

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19
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A

an agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention stating that only three-fifths of the slaves in a state would count when determining a state’s population for representation in the lower house of Congress

20
Q

checks and balances

A

a system established by the Constitution that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful

21
Q

executive branch

A

the division of the federal government that includes the president and the administrative departments; enforces the nation’s laws

22
Q

judicial branch

A

the division of the federal government that is made up of the national courts; interprets laws, punishes criminals, and settles disputes between states

23
Q

legislative branch

A

the division of the government that proposes bills and passes them into laws

24
Q

popular sovereignty

A

the idea that political authority belongs to the people

25
Q

federalism

A

U.S. system of government in which power is distributed between a central government and individual states

26
Q

Antifederalists

A

people who opposed ratification of the Constitution

27
Q

Federalists

A

people who supported ratification of the Constitution

28
Q

Federalist Papers

A

A collection of articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym “Publius” to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.

29
Q

Bill of Rights

A

the first 10 amendments to the Constitution; ratified in 1791

30
Q

federal system

A

a system that divided powers between the states and the federal government

31
Q

impeach

A

to bring charges against a public official

32
Q

veto

A

to cancel a law

33
Q

pardon

A

freedom from punishment

34
Q

executive orders

A

nonlegislative directives issued by the U.S. president in certain circumstances; executive orders have the force of congressional law

35
Q

Daniel Shays

A

Revolutionary War officer who led Shay’s Rebellion, an uprising of farmers in western Massachusetts that shut down the courts so that farmers would not lose their farms for tax debts. He was defeated and condemned to death, but pardoned

36
Q

James Madison

A

American statesman, he was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, the fourth president of the United States, the author of some of the Federalist Papers, and is called the father of the Constitution for his proposals at the Constiutitional Convention. He led the United States through the War of 1812.

37
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

Early American politician and inventor, he took a central role in helping form the government of the new United States, and acted as a foreign diplomat on behalf of the new nation

38
Q

George Mason

A

American Patriot who became an Antifederalist and refused to sign the Constitution

39
Q

Sandra Day O’Connor

A

Associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, she was the first woman appointed to the Court

40
Q

Thurgood Marshall

A

First African American U.S. Supreme Court Justice, he represented as a lawyer the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and fought racial segregation

41
Q

What was significant about the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?

A

Written by Jefferson, it became the model for the First Amendment

42
Q

How did the ratification of the Articles of Confederation go?

A

It was slowed by conflicts

43
Q

What effect did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 have on slavery?

A

Slavery was forbidden in the Northwest Territory

44
Q

What were some military problems with the Articles of Confederation?

A

The federal government could not collect taxes and maintain its own army. It had to ask the states to use their own militias, which they didn’t like doing.

45
Q

Why did delegates from the southern states threaten to leave the union during the discussions about the constitution?

A

They wanted to make sure they would be allowed to keep slavery

SS8 (23 decks)

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