Ch 12

Question 1

Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s

Question 2

textile

Answer 2

Cloth

Question 3

Richard Arkwright

Answer 3

English inventor, he patented the water-powered spinning frame, improving the production of cotton thread

Question 4

Samuel Slater

Answer 4

English industrialist who brought a design for a textile mill to America, he is considered the foudner of the American cotton industry

Question 5

interchangeable parts

Answer 5

A process developed by Eli Whitney in the 1790s that called for making each part of a machine exactly the same

Question 6

mass production

Answer 6

The efficient production of large numbers of identical goods

Question 7

technology

Answer 7

The tools used to produce goods or to do work

Question 8

Eli Whitney

Answer 8

American inventor whose cotton gin changed cotton harvesting procedures and enabled large increases in cotton production; he introduced the technology of mass production through the development of interchangeable parts in gun-making

Question 9

Rhode Island system

Answer 9

A system developed by Samuel Slater in the mid-1800s in which whole families were hired as textile workers and factory work was divided into simple tasks

Question 10

Lowell system

Answer 10

The use of waterpowered textile mills that employed young, unmarried women in the 1800s

Question 11

Francis Cabot Lowell

Answer 11

American industrialist who developed the Lowell system, a mill system that included looms that could both weave thread and spin cloth. He hired young women to live and work in his mill

Question 12

strike

Answer 12

The refusal of workers to perform their jobs until employers meet their demands

Question 13

trade unions

Answer 13

Workers’ organizations that try to improve working conditions

Question 14

Transportation Revolution

Answer 14

The rapid growth in the speed and convenience of transportation

Question 15

Gibbons v Ogden

Answer 15

A supreme court ruling that reinforced the federal government’s authority over the states

Question 16

Clermont

Answer 16

The first full-sized U.S. commercial steamboat; developed by Robert Fulton and tested in 1807

Question 17

Robert Fulton

Answer 17

American engineer and inventor, he built the first commercially successful full-sized steamboat, the Clermont, which led to the development of commercia steamboat ferry services for goods and people

Question 18

Peter Cooper

Answer 18

American ironworks manufacturer who designed and built Tom Thumb, the first American locomotive

Question 19

telegraph

Answer 19

A machine perfected by Samuel Morse in 1832 that uses pulses of electric current to send messages across long distances through wires

Question 20

Samuel Morse

Answer 20

American artist and inventor, he applied scientists’ discoveries of electricity and magnetism to develop the telegraph, which soon sent messages all across the country.

Question 21

Morse Code

Answer 21

A system developed by Afred Lewis Vail for the telegraph that used a certain combination of dots and dashes to represent each letter of the alphabet

Question 22

John Deere

Answer 22

American industrialist; he developed a steel plow to ease difficulty of turning thick soil on the Great Plains

Question 23

Cyrus McCormick

Answer 23

American inventor and industrialist, he invented the mechanical reaper and harvesting machine that quickly cut down wheat

Question 24

Isaac Singer

Answer 24

American inventor; he patented an improved sewing machine and by 1860, was the largest manufacturer of sewing machines in the country