Ch 11

Question 1

mountain men

Answer 1

Men hired by eastern companies to trap animals for fur in the Rocky Mountains and other western regions of the United States

Question 2

John Jacob Astor

Answer 2

American fur trade and financier, he founded the fur-trading post of Astoria and the American Fur Company

Question 3

Jim Beckwourth

Answer 3

African American explorer and mountain man who spent time in the unsettled western United States and later recounted his exciting life in a book

Question 4

Oregon Trail

Answer 4

A 2,000 mile rail stretching through the Great Plains from wester Missouri to the Oregon Territory

Question 5

Mormon

Answer 5

A member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Question 6

Santa Fe Trail

Answer 6

An important trade trail west from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico

Question 7

Brigham Young

Answer 7

American religious leader who headed the Mormon Church after the murder of Joseph Smith, he moved the community to Utah, leading thousands along what came to be known as the Mormon Trail to the main settlement at Salt Lake City

Question 8

empresarios

Answer 8

Agents who were contracted by the Mexican republic to bring settlers to Texas in the early 1800s

Question 9

Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Answer 9

Mexican priest and revolutionist, he led a rebellion of about 80,000 impoverished Indians and mestizos against Spain in the hope of improving living conditions; though defeated, the rebellion eventually grew and helped lead to Mexican independence

Question 10

Stephen F Austin

Answer 10

American colonizer in Texas, he was imprisoned for urging Texas statehood after Santa Anna suspended Mexico’s constitution. After helping Texas win independence from Mexico, he became secretary of state for the Texas Republic

Question 11

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Answer 11

Mexican general and politician, he was president of Mexico and became a dictator. He fought in the Texas Revolution and seized the Alamo but was defeated and captured by Sam Houston at San Jacinto

Question 12

Alamo

Answer 12

Spanish mission in San Antonio, Texas, that was the site of a famous battle of the Texas Revolution in 1836

Question 13

Battle of San Jacinto

Answer 13

The final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and independence for Texas

Question 14

manifest destiny

Answer 14

A belief shared by many Americans in the mid-1800s that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean

Question 15

James K Polk

Answer 15

Eleventh president of the United states, he settled the Oregon boundary with Great Britain and successfully conducted the Mexican-American war

Question 16

vaqueros

Answer 16

Mexican cowboys in the West who tended cattle and horses

Question 17

Californios

Answer 17

Spanish colonists in California in the 1800s

Question 18

Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo

Answer 18

Californio leader who urged equal rights for Mexicans living in California after the state was captured in the Mexican-American War

Question 19

Bear Flag Revolt

Answer 19

A revolt against Mexico by American settlers in California who declared the territory an independent republic

Question 20

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 20

A treaty that ended the Mexican-AmericanWar and gave the United States much of Mexico’s northern territory

Question 21

Gadsden Purchase

Answer 21

U.S purchase of land from Mexico that included the southern parts of presentday Arizona and New Mexico

Question 22

forty-niner

Answer 22

a gold-seeker who moved to California during the gold rush

Question 23

Donner party

Answer 23

A group of western travelers who were stranded in the Sierra Nevada during the winter of 1846-47; only 45 of the party’s 87 members survived

Question 24

John Sutter

Answer 24

American pioneer who built Sutter’s Fort, a trading post on the California frontier; gold was discovered leading to the California gold rush

Question 25

placer miner

Answer 25

A person who mines for gold by using pans or other devices to wash gold nuggest out of loose rock and gravel

Question 26

prospect

Answer 26

To search for gold