Ch 10 Flashcards
Democratic Party
A political party formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson after the presidential election of 1824
Jacksonian Democracy
An expansion of voting rights during the popular Andrew Jackson administration
John C Calhoun
American politician and supporter of slavery and states rights, he served as vice president to Andrew Jackson and was instrumental in the South Carolina nullification crisis
What changes did the new western states make that allowed more people to vote?
Some states started allowing more white males to vote. Parties began holding public nominating conventions.
How did nominating conventions allow the people more say in politics?
Party members could now choose the candidates instead of the party leaders
What two new political parties faced off in the election of 1828? Which candidate did each party support?
Democratic Party supported Andrew Jackson. Republican Party supported John C Calhoun
Why did Andrew Jackson have more popular support than did Adams?
Jackson was born poor and rose to success through his own hard work. People viewed him as someone that understood the common man. Adams was born into a rich, powerful family. People viewed him as someone that favored fellow rich people.
spoils system
A politicians’ practice of giving government jobs to his or her supporters
Kitchen Cabinet
President Andrew Jackson’s group of informal advisers, so called because they often met in the White House kitchen
Martin Van Buren
American Politician and secretary of state under Andrew Jackson, he later became the eighth president of the United States
On what were the economies of the northern, southern, and western states based?
North: trade and manufacturing South: farming cash crops West: emerging economy, mostly subsistence farming
Tariff of Abominations
The nickname given to a tariff by southerners who opposed it
How might the sectional issues involved in the dispute over the Tariff of Abominations lead to future problems between North and South?
It helped Northerners, but hurt Southerners. This increased the anger and distrust between the two regions
nullification crisis
A dispute led by John C Calhoun that said that states could ignore federal laws if they believed those laws violated the Constitution
states’ rights doctrine
The belief that the power of the states should be greater than the power of the federal government
Daniel Webster
American lawyer and statesman, he spoke out against nullification and states’ rights, believing that the country should stay unified
What roles did Daniel Webster and John C Calhoun play in the nullification crisis?
Calhoun drafted the South Carolina Exposition and Protest to advance the States’ Rights Doctrine in favor of nullification. Webster argued that the United States was one nation, not a pact among independent states. He believed that the welfare of the nation should override that of individual states
What idea did supporters of the states’ rights doctrine promote?
Since the states had formed the national government, state power shoul be greater than federal power.
Whig Party
A political party formed in 1834 by opponents of Andrew Jackson and who supported a strong legislature
McCulloch v Maryland
US Suppreme Court case that declared the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional and that Maryland could not interfere with it
What problems resulted from weakening the Bank?
Jackson weakened the bank by moving most of its funds into state banks. The state banks used the funds to offer easy loans to people buying land. This helped expansion in the West, but it also led to serious inflation
Why did Jackson veto the bill to renew the Second Bank of the United States?
He thought it was unconstitutional and it only helped wealthy businessmen
What caused the Panic of 1837?
Jackson’s banking policies and the resulting inflation
Panic of 1837
A financial crisis in the United States that led to an economic depression
William Henry Harrison
American politician, he served as the governor of Indian Territory and fought Tecumseh in the battle of Tippecanoe. He was the ninth president of the United States
How did the Whig Party win the election of 1840?
They united behind a single candidate, William Henry Harrison
Indian Removal Act
A congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River
Bureau of Indian Affairs
A government agency created in the 1800s to oversee federal policy toward Native Americans
Indian Territory
An area covering most of present-day Oklahoma to which most Native Americans in the Southeast were forced to move in the 1830s
Sequoya
American Indian scholar and craftsman, he created a writing system for the Cherokee language and taught literacy to many Cherokee
Trail of Tears
An 800 mile forced march made by the Cherokee from their homeland in Georgia to Indian Territory; resulted in the deaths of almost one fourth of the Cherokee people
Worcester v Georgia
The supreme court ruling that stated that the Cherokee nation was a distinct territory over which only the federal government had authority; ignored by both President Andrew Jackson and the state of Georgia
Black Hawk
Native American leader of Fox and Sauk Indians, he resisted the US ordered removal of Indian nations from Illinois and raided settlements and fought the US Army
Osceola
Florida Seminole leader, he resisted removal by the U.S. government despite an earlier treaty that Seminole leaders had been forced to sign. He was eventually captured and died in prison
What Native American groups were affected by the Indian Removal Act? Where were they relocated?
Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Fox, Sauk, Seminole. They were moved to the “Indian Territory” which is now Oklahoma.
Why did government officials want to relocate Native Americans to the West?
They wanted to give the land to white settlers
What was the Trail of Tears?
The Cherokee’s 800-mile forced march. They suffered from disease, hunger, and harsh weather. Almost one-fourth of the 18,000 cherokee died during the march
Why did the state of Georgia want to relocate the Cherokee, and what did the Cherokee do in response?
Gold was discovered on their land and the state wanted to take it. The Cherokee sued Georgia and won. Georgia and President Jackson refused to honor the court decision.
What led to the Second Seminole War?
U.S. troops were focing them to move. The Seminole leades signed a removal treaty, but the Seminole people refused to follow it. Instead, they fought. Many were killed or moved, but some managed to stay; their descendents still live in Florida today.
How were the Seminole and the Sauk resistance efforts similar and different?
The Sauk fight was led by tribal leaders; the Seminole fight was fought by ordinary tribesmen. Both fought hard, but lost.
