Ch 10

Question 1

Democratic Party

Answer 1

A political party formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson after the presidential election of 1824

Question 2

Jacksonian Democracy

Answer 2

An expansion of voting rights during the popular Andrew Jackson administration

Question 3

John C Calhoun

Answer 3

American politician and supporter of slavery and states rights, he served as vice president to Andrew Jackson and was instrumental in the South Carolina nullification crisis

Question 4

What changes did the new western states make that allowed more people to vote?

Answer 4

Some states started allowing more white males to vote. Parties began holding public nominating conventions.

Question 5

How did nominating conventions allow the people more say in politics?

Answer 5

Party members could now choose the candidates instead of the party leaders

Question 6

What two new political parties faced off in the election of 1828? Which candidate did each party support?

Answer 6

Democratic Party supported Andrew Jackson. Republican Party supported John C Calhoun

Question 7

Why did Andrew Jackson have more popular support than did Adams?

Answer 7

Jackson was born poor and rose to success through his own hard work. People viewed him as someone that understood the common man. Adams was born into a rich, powerful family. People viewed him as someone that favored fellow rich people.

Question 8

spoils system

Answer 8

A politicians’ practice of giving government jobs to his or her supporters

Question 9

Kitchen Cabinet

Answer 9

President Andrew Jackson’s group of informal advisers, so called because they often met in the White House kitchen

Question 10

Martin Van Buren

Answer 10

American Politician and secretary of state under Andrew Jackson, he later became the eighth president of the United States

Question 11

On what were the economies of the northern, southern, and western states based?

Answer 11

North: trade and manufacturing South: farming cash crops West: emerging economy, mostly subsistence farming

Question 12

Tariff of Abominations

Answer 12

The nickname given to a tariff by southerners who opposed it

Question 13

How might the sectional issues involved in the dispute over the Tariff of Abominations lead to future problems between North and South?

Answer 13

It helped Northerners, but hurt Southerners. This increased the anger and distrust between the two regions

Question 14

nullification crisis

Answer 14

A dispute led by John C Calhoun that said that states could ignore federal laws if they believed those laws violated the Constitution

Question 15

states’ rights doctrine

Answer 15

The belief that the power of the states should be greater than the power of the federal government

Question 16

Daniel Webster

Answer 16

American lawyer and statesman, he spoke out against nullification and states’ rights, believing that the country should stay unified

Question 17

What roles did Daniel Webster and John C Calhoun play in the nullification crisis?

Answer 17

Calhoun drafted the South Carolina Exposition and Protest to advance the States’ Rights Doctrine in favor of nullification. Webster argued that the United States was one nation, not a pact among independent states. He believed that the welfare of the nation should override that of individual states

Question 18

What idea did supporters of the states’ rights doctrine promote?

Answer 18

Since the states had formed the national government, state power shoul be greater than federal power.

Question 19

Whig Party

Answer 19

A political party formed in 1834 by opponents of Andrew Jackson and who supported a strong legislature

Question 20

McCulloch v Maryland

Answer 20

US Suppreme Court case that declared the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional and that Maryland could not interfere with it

Question 21

What problems resulted from weakening the Bank?

Answer 21

Jackson weakened the bank by moving most of its funds into state banks. The state banks used the funds to offer easy loans to people buying land. This helped expansion in the West, but it also led to serious inflation

Question 22

Why did Jackson veto the bill to renew the Second Bank of the United States?

Answer 22

He thought it was unconstitutional and it only helped wealthy businessmen

Question 23

What caused the Panic of 1837?

Answer 23

Jackson’s banking policies and the resulting inflation

Question 24

Panic of 1837

Answer 24

A financial crisis in the United States that led to an economic depression

Question 25

William Henry Harrison

Answer 25

American politician, he served as the governor of Indian Territory and fought Tecumseh in the battle of Tippecanoe. He was the ninth president of the United States

Question 26

How did the Whig Party win the election of 1840?

Answer 26

They united behind a single candidate, William Henry Harrison

Question 27

Indian Removal Act

Answer 27

A congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

Question 28

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Answer 28

A government agency created in the 1800s to oversee federal policy toward Native Americans

Question 29

Indian Territory

Answer 29

An area covering most of present-day Oklahoma to which most Native Americans in the Southeast were forced to move in the 1830s

Question 30

Sequoya

Answer 30

American Indian scholar and craftsman, he created a writing system for the Cherokee language and taught literacy to many Cherokee

Question 31

Trail of Tears

Answer 31

An 800 mile forced march made by the Cherokee from their homeland in Georgia to Indian Territory; resulted in the deaths of almost one fourth of the Cherokee people

Question 32

Worcester v Georgia

Answer 32

The supreme court ruling that stated that the Cherokee nation was a distinct territory over which only the federal government had authority; ignored by both President Andrew Jackson and the state of Georgia

Question 33

Black Hawk

Answer 33

Native American leader of Fox and Sauk Indians, he resisted the US ordered removal of Indian nations from Illinois and raided settlements and fought the US Army

Question 34

Osceola

Answer 34

Florida Seminole leader, he resisted removal by the U.S. government despite an earlier treaty that Seminole leaders had been forced to sign. He was eventually captured and died in prison

Question 35

What Native American groups were affected by the Indian Removal Act? Where were they relocated?

Answer 35

Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Fox, Sauk, Seminole. They were moved to the “Indian Territory” which is now Oklahoma.

Question 36

Why did government officials want to relocate Native Americans to the West?

Answer 36

They wanted to give the land to white settlers

Question 37

What was the Trail of Tears?

Answer 37

The Cherokee’s 800-mile forced march. They suffered from disease, hunger, and harsh weather. Almost one-fourth of the 18,000 cherokee died during the march

Question 38

Why did the state of Georgia want to relocate the Cherokee, and what did the Cherokee do in response?

Answer 38

Gold was discovered on their land and the state wanted to take it. The Cherokee sued Georgia and won. Georgia and President Jackson refused to honor the court decision.

Question 39

What led to the Second Seminole War?

Answer 39

U.S. troops were focing them to move. The Seminole leades signed a removal treaty, but the Seminole people refused to follow it. Instead, they fought. Many were killed or moved, but some managed to stay; their descendents still live in Florida today.

Question 40

How were the Seminole and the Sauk resistance efforts similar and different?

Answer 40

The Sauk fight was led by tribal leaders; the Seminole fight was fought by ordinary tribesmen. Both fought hard, but lost.