Ch 07

Question 1

electoral college

Answer 1

a group of people selected from each of the states to cast votes in presidential elections

Question 2

Martha Washington

Answer 2

Wife of George Washington, she was the first First Lady

Question 3

precedent

Answer 3

an action or decision that later serves as an example

Question 4

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 4

legislation passed by Congress that created the federal court system

Question 5

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 5

American stateman and member of the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, he was an author of the Federalist Papers, which supported ratification of the Constitution. He was the first secretary of treasury under George Washington and developed the Bank of the United States

Question 6

bond

Answer 6

a certificate that represents money the government has borrowed from private citizens

Question 7

national debt

Answer 7

the total amount of money owed by a country to its lenders

Question 8

speculator

Answer 8

an investor who buys items at low prices in hope that their values will rise

Question 9

Benjamin Banneker

Answer 9

African American architect and city planner, he helped design the city of Washington, D.C. after the site was chosen by George Washington

Question 10

Bank of the United States

Answer 10

A national bank chartered by Congress in 1791 to provide security for the U.S. economy

Question 11

loose construction

Answer 11

a way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take actions that the Constitution does not specifically forbid it from taking

Question 12

strict construction

Answer 12

a way of interpreting the Constiution that allows the federal government to take only those actions the Constitution specifically says it can take

Question 13

French Revolution

Answer 13

French rebellion that began in 1789 in which the French people overthrew the monarchy and made their country a republic

Question 14

Neutrality Proclamation

Answer 14

a statement made by President George Washington that the United States would not side with any of the nations at war in Europe following the French Revolution

Question 15

privateer

Answer 15

a private ship authorized by a nation to attack its enemies

Question 16

Jay’s Treaty

Answer 16

An agreement negotiated by John Jay to work out problems between Britain and the United States over northwestern lands, British seizure of U.S. ships, and U.S. debts owed to the British

Question 17

Pinckney’s Treaty

Answer 17

an agreement between the United States and Spain that changed Florida’s border and made it easier for American ships to use the port of New Orleans

Question 18

Little Turtle

Answer 18

Miami chief who led a Native American alliance that raided settlements in the Northwest Territory, he was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Greenville, and he later became an advocate for peace

Question 19

Battle of Fallen Timbers

Answer 19

A battle between U.S. troops and an American Indian confederation that ended Indian efforts to halt white settlement in the Northwest Territory

Question 20

Treaty of Greenville

Answer 20

An agreement between Native American confederation leaders and the U.S. government that gave the United States Indian lands in the Northwest Territory and guaranteed that U.S. citizens could safely travel through the region

Question 21

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 21

a protest of small farmers in Pennsylvania against new taxes on whiskey

Question 22

Democratic-Republican Party

Answer 22

a political party founded in the 1790s by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and other leaders who wanted to preserve the power of the state governments and promote agriculture

Question 23

Federalist Party

Answer 23

A political party created in the 1790s and influenced by Alexander Hamilton that wanted to strengthen the federal government and promote industry and trade

Question 24

political party

Answer 24

a group of people who organize to help elect government officials and influence government policies

Question 25

XYZ affair

Answer 25

an incident in which French agents attempted to get a bribe and loans from U.S. diplomates in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships; it led to an undeclared naval war between the two countries

Question 26

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 26

Laws passed by a Federalist-dominated Congress aimed at protecting the government from treasonous ideas, actions, and people

Question 27

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Answer 27

Republican documents that argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional