Ch03 English Colonies (68-107)

Question 1

Jamestown

Answer 1

The first colony in the United States; set up in 1607 along the James River in Virginia

Question 2

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 2

An attack led by Nathaniel Bacon against American Indians and the colonial government of Virginia

Question 3

indentured servant

Answer 3

a colonist who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

Question 4

Toleration Act of 1649

Answer 4

A Maryland law that made restricting the religious rights of Christians a crime; the first law guaranteeing religious freedom to be passed in America

Question 5

slave codes

Answer 5

laws passed in the colonies to control slaves

Question 6

immigrant

Answer 6

a person who moves to another country after leaving his or her homeland

Question 7

Pilgrim

Answer 7

a member of a Puritan Sepratist sect that left England in the early 1600s to setle in the Americas

Question 8

Puritans

Answer 8

Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England

Question 9

Mayflower Compact

Answer 9

a document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government

Question 10

Quakers

Answer 10

Society of Friends; Protestant sect founded in 1640s in England whose members believed that salvation was available to all people

Question 11

staple crop

Answer 11

a crop that is continuously in demand

Question 12

town meeting

Answer 12

a political meeting at which people make decisions on local issues; used primarily in New England

Question 13

Quartering Act

Answer 13

One of the Coercive or Intolerable Acts that helped fan the flames of revolution in the English colonies. It required each colonist to provide a place in their home or quarter, for British soldiers

Question 14

triangular trade

Answer 14

trading networks in which goods and slaves moved among England, the American colonies, and Africa

Question 15

Great Awakening

Answer 15

a religious movement that became widespread in the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s

Question 16

Enlightenment

Answer 16

the Age of Reason; movement that began in Europe in the 1700s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government

Question 17

Committees of Correspondence

Answer 17

committees created by the Massachusetts House of Representatives in the 1760s to help towns and colonies share information about resisting British laws

Question 18

Stamp Act of 1765

Answer 18

a law passed by Parliament that raised tax money by requiing colonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items such as newspapers, licenses, and legal documents

Question 19

Boston Massacre

Answer 19

an incident in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing five people

Question 20

Boston Tea Party

Answer 20

a protest against the Tea Act in which a group of colonists boarded British tea ships and dumped more than 340 chests of tea into Boston Harbor

Question 21

Tea Act

Answer 21

a law passed by Parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies, undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party

Question 22

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 22

Puritan leader who angered other Puritans by claiming that people’s relationship to God did not need guidance from ministers; she was tried and convicted of undermining church authorities and was banished from the Masachusetts Bay Colony; she later established the colony of Portsmouth in present-day Rhode Island

Question 23

English Bill of Rights

Answer 23

A shift of political power from the British monarchy to Parliament

Question 24

George III

Answer 24

King of England during the American Revolution. King against which American colonists claimed to be rebelling

Question 25

Intolerable Acts

Answer 25

laws passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party and to tighten government control of the colonies

Question 26

John Locke

Answer 26

English philosopher during the Enlightenment who argued that there was a social contract between people and their government. His ideas influenced the writers of the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution

Question 27

John Smith

Answer 27

English colonist to the Americas who helped found the Jamestown Colony and encouraged settlers to work harder and build better housing

Question 28

John Winthrop

Answer 28

Leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who led Puritan colonists to Massachusetts to establish an ideal Christian community; he later became the colony’s first governor

Question 29

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 29

Important and influential revivalist leader in the Great Awakening religious movement, he delivered dramatic sermons on the choice between salvation and damnation

Question 30

Olaudah Equiano

Answer 30

African American abolitionist, he was an enslaved African who was eventually freed and became a leader of the abolitionist movement and writer of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano.

Question 31

Peter Stuyvesant

Answer 31

Director general of the Dutch New Netherland colony, he was forced to surrender New Netherland to the English

Question 32

Pocahontas

Answer 32

American Indian princess, she saved the life of John Smith when he was captured and sentenced to death by the Powhatan. She was later taken prisoner by the English, converted to Christianity, and married colonist John Rolfe.

Question 33

Pontiac

Answer 33

Ottawa chief who united the Great Lakes’ Indians to try to halt the advance of European settlements, he attacked British forts in a rebellion known as Pontiac’s Rebellion; he eventually surrendered in 1766

Question 34

Samuel Adams

Answer 34

American revolutionary who led the agitation that led to the Boston Tea Party; he signed the Declaration of Independence

Question 35

Squanto

Answer 35

Patuxet Indian who was captured and enslaved in Spain but later escaped to England and then America; he taught the Pilgrims native farming methods and helped them establish relations with the Wampanoag, the Indians at the feast later known as Thanksgiving

Question 36

William Penn

Answer 36

Quaker leader who founded a colony for Quakers in Pennsylvania; the colony provided an important example of representative self-government and became a model of freedom and tolerance