Ch 16 Flashcards
Fort Sumter
a federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina, that was attacked by the Confederates in April 1861, sparking the Civil War
border states
Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri; slaes states that lay between the North and the South and did not join the Confederacy during the Civil War
cotton diplomacy
Confederate efforts to use the importance of southern cotton to Britain’s textile industry to persuade the British to support the Confederacy in the Civil War
Winfield Scott
American general, he served as commander in the Mexican War and used a two-part strategy against the South in the Civil War; he wanted to destroy the South’s economy with a naval blockade and gain control of the Mississippi River
First Battle of Bull Run
the first major battle of the Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory; showed that the Civil War would not be won easily
George B McClellan
American army general put in charge of Union troops and later removed by Lincoln for failure to press Lee’s Confederate troops in Richmond
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
American Confederate general, he led the Shenandoah Valley campaign and fought with Lee in the Seven Days’ Battles and the First and Second Battles of Bull Run
Robert E Lee
American soldier, he refused Lincoln’s offer to head the Union Army and agreed to ead Confederate forces. He successfully led several major battles untill his defeat at Gettysburg, and he surrendered to the Union’s commander Genera Grant at Appomattox Courthouse
Second Battle of Bull Run
a Civil War battle in which the Confederate army forced most of the Union army out of Virginia
Seven Days’ Battles
a series of Ciil War battles in which Confederate army successes forced the Union army to retreat from Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital
Battle of Antietam
A union victory in the Civil War that marked the bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. military history
ironclad
a warship that is heavily armored with iron
Ulysses S. Grant
Eighteenth President of the united states, he receied a field promotion to lieutenant general in charge of all Union forces after leading a successful battle. He accepted General Lee’s surrender of Confederate forces at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War
Battle of Shiloh
A Civil War battle in Tennessee in which the Union army gained greater control over the Mississippi River valley
David Farragut
American soldier, he was the first commissioned American admiral, and in the Civil War, he captured New Orleans and maintained a blockade along the Gulf Coast against Confederate forces
Siege of Vicksburg
the Union army’s six-week blockade of icksburg that led the city to surrender during the Civil War
emancipation
freeing of the slaves
Emancipation Proclamation
an order issued by President Abraham Lincoln freeing the slaes in areas rebelling against the Union; took effect January 1, 1863
54th Massachusetts Infantry
African American Civil War regiment that attacked Fort Wagner in South Carolina
contraband
an escaped slave who joined the Union army during the Civil War
Copperheads
a group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War
habeas corpus
the constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment
Clara Barton
Founder of the American Red Cross, she obtained and administered supplies and care to the Unionsoldiers during the American Civil War
Battle of Gettysburg
A Union Civil War victory that turned the tide against the Confederates at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
George Pickett
American general in the Confederate army, he was famed for Pickett’s Charge, a failed but heroic effort at Cemetere Ridge in the Battle of Gettysburg, often considered a turning point of the Civil War
Pickett’s Charge
a failed Confederate attack during the Civil War led by General George Pickett at the Battle of Gettysburgh
Gettysburg Address
a speech given by Abraham Lincoln in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War
Wilderness Campaign
a series of battles between Union and Confederate forces in northern and central Virgnia that delayed the Union capture of Richmond
William Tecumseh Sherman
American Union army officer, his famous March to the Sea captured Atlanta, Georgia, marking an important turning point in the war
Appomattox Courthouse
the location where General Rober E. Lee was forced to surrender, thus ending the Civil War
total war
a type of war in which an army destroys its oppoonent’s ability to fight by targeting civilian and economic as well as military resources
